Miley Cyrus: A Teenage Inspiration

People screaming at the hap of their lungs for the rock good deal that they deityize an individual buying all told the books and imitating the writing style of his favorite author a upstart miss imitating the clothes of her fashion idol the aforementioned instances ar familiar examples of people who are practicing the thought of bufferdom wherein they are becoming huge strike outs of famous personalities or amours. The idea of becoming a rooter is comprehend by people in different dashs.There are individuals who reflection at the idea of being a sports buffer as simply liking something or someone in a degree that is non common to other people. On the other hand, there are alike those people who negatively look at fans, as individuals who are going crazy or psychotic for something or someone to the load that they are becoming obsessed. There are horizontal allegations that fans eventually become stalkers, who do untoward decisions and actions. The opposing perspe ctive of the term fan entails a more in-depth study closely the topic.To be able to to the full understand the meaning of being a fan, it is necessary that it is given due attention and importance. In doing so, I conducted an interview with third individuals, who leave different backgrounds but is idolizing the same come out of the closet star.The pop star that I focus on is Miley Cyrus. My main(prenominal) motivation for looking for individuals who idolizes Miley Cyrus is due to the popularity and puzzle out of this personality. In 2008, Miley Cyrus is included in Time Magazines 100 most influential people in the world.Due to this, I ask to find out the reasons why people idolize her and its corresponding effectuate to their action. Moreover, by conducting the interview with triple individuals who idolize Miley Cyrus, I learn more about the idea of being a fan. Summary of Cavicchis Book and Argument Based on the book of Cavicchi (1998) the term fan is used as two descri ptive and prescriptive when it comes to describing individuals that are regarded as fans. Cavicchi even states that,On the whole, it the term fan is used both descriptively and prescriptively to refer to diverse individuals and groups, including fanatics, spectators, groupies, enthusiasts, celebrity stalkers, collectors, consumers, members of subcultures, and entire audiences, and, depending on the context, to refer to complex relationships involving affinity, enthusiasm, identification, desire, obsession, possession, neurosis, hysteria, consumerism, political resistance, or a combination (39). The interest of Cavicchi with the concept of fan is rooted from the fact that Cavicchi himself is also a self-proclaimed fan.The book that he wrote entitled Tramps equal us gives an in-depth research and analysis of being a fan, e excessly when it comes to its corresponding effects to the individual who is a fan of something or someone. Cavicchi uses Bruce Springsteen as an example for his c entral argument that fandom is real a useful and meaningful behavior, which allows individuals to form their identities, establish communities, and make sense out of their lives and the society as a whole. Cavicchi (1998) points out that the contribution of Bruce Springsteen in the world exemplifies the advantageous effects of fandom.In the past, many an(prenominal) critics have noted that the songs of Bruce Springsteen is bizarre from other singers in a sense that it truly exist in world of its own with its single characters, settings, words, and images. The world that Springsteen creates is actually very relevant to other people wherein individuals who only have little acquaintance or none at all about Springsteen pile still relate with his music. Springsteen emphasizes the world of highways and factories, loners and underdogs, and many others. As such, the themes of the songs of Springsteen actually embody the ideals and struggles of most ordinary Ameri dissolves.Being the case, Springsteen was able to substantially influence the American pop culture and also different societal debates. Springsteen has the ability to not only speak for his fans but actually to them with directness and sincerity, which actually touches the lives of his followers.Cavicchi uses three years of ethnographic research and his own experiences and impressions as a fan in writing his book. He provides an interdisciplinary study of the ways by which ordinary individuals who have special and sustained attachments to their idols actually were able to change and affect their lives because of fandom.Furthermore, it challenges the negative perception about the term fan, specifically the stereotypes of fans as being obsessive, delusional, and to the point of having mental problems. Cavicchi strongly emphasizes that fandom is a normal socio-cultural activity that support in shaping the identity of individuals. Object of Fandom Destiny Hope Cyrus also popularly known as Miley Cyrus is an American pop singer, songwriter, and actress. Her rose to fame started when she stars in the Disney Channel as Hannah Montana.After the success of her television series, she released a soundtrack CD of the songs that she sang in the Hannah Montana Show. The popularity of the soundtrack CD in the American market, especially for teenagers enables her to create a aviate music career with her debut phonograph album, Meet Miley Cyrus. In her first album, Miley Cyrus was able to create her first top single entitled See You Again. The increasing popularity of Miley Cyrus paved the way for her to launch her second album called Breakout. Both the albums of Miley Cyrus top number 1 on the hoarding 200.In addition, the single of Miley Cyrus entitled Party in the U. S. A. was recognized as the highest charting and fastest selling single that reach number 2 in the Billboard Hot 100. The influence of Miley Cyrus reaches different nations, which is turn up by the record-breaking sales of her albums that reach more than 15 billion records. Miley Cyrus also shines in the field of acting. Miley Cyrus first extended play was The Time of Our Lives. Miley Cyrus also performed in the concert/film Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus Best of Both mans Concert.In relation to this, Miley Cyrus also starred in go over wherein she recorded the soundtrack for the movie, which enables her to be nominated in the Golden Globe Awards. The hit show Hannah Montana was posterior produced in the film with Miley Cyrus as the lead star of the movie. Moreover, the prominence of Miley Cyrus in the society is recognized by Time magazine when she is included in the 100 Most Influential People in the World and she also ranked 35 on the Celebrity 100 list of Forbes magazine for earning $25 million in 2008.Interviewee 1The first interviewee is Zoe, a 16 years old girl that describes herself as an avid fan of Miley Cyrus. Zoe is a Caucasian American, who is currently studying in a public school. T he interview was conducted through audio wherein the queries in the questionnaires were asked and were substantially answered by the respondent.The main interest of Zoe mostly deals with normal young adult hobbies like shopping and hanging out friends. In addition, Zoe also stated that she is very much interested in music, especially from modern pop artist. As previously mentioned, Zoe is a self-proclaimed Miley Cyrus fan.She said that she first get introduce with the pop star through her series in the Disney Channel, Hannah Montana. Zoe immediately likes the character of Miley in the series and she also took notice of her exceptional singing abilities. Zoe said Miley has an exceptional and unique singing voice that can very attract its listeners, once I heard her voice she already mesmerized me. Zoe opted to have the complete albums of Miley Cyrus instead of just downloading it from the Internet, which she said is a way for her to actually give worth to the singing ability of he r idol buy adding to her CD sales.In addition to this, Zoe is also a fan of Miley Cyrus in Facebook and she also follows her in Tweeter. The influence of Miley Cyrus on Zoe affects her fashion sense because Zoe admitted she is actually imitating the fashion sense of Miley. I always look cautiously at the outfits that she wear, as I authentically admire her unique fashion sense, stated Zoe. Zoe explains in the interview that she has not really done anything outrageous as a fan of Miley, the only thing that she did is make a scrapbook of her idol, which other people finds weird.Moreover, Zoe strongly believes that Miley Cyrus exemplifies the normal manner of a teenager that has to go through the awkward stage of adolescence, which Zoe can relate to. Zoe expressed in the interview that Miley Cyrus affected her life by making her believe in her dreams and do more things in her life, as Zoe said, I can have the best of both worlds just like Miley.Interviewee 2The second interviewee is Samantha, a 13-years old teenage girl who is a die-hard fan of Miley Cyrus. She is an African-American that is studying in a public school.Samanthas interests unremarkably involve watching television, playing computer games, and the occasional going out with her friends. Samantha exclaimed I love Miley Cyrus so much when asked in the interview on who is her idol. She explains in the interview that she was introduced to the pop star sensation man watching Hannah Montana because her parents only allow her to watch limited channels and this include the Disney Channel. At first, she likes the diverting banter between Miley Cyrus and her dad because Samantha can actually relate to it because she said that she has the same relationship with her father.Later on, Samantha is really entertained by the singing capabilities of Miley Cyrus. In relation to this, Samantha can actually relate to the lyrics of Miley Cyrus songs that talks about related issues about being a teenager. Samantha k eeps a collection of different Miley Cyrus memorabilia like bags, school supplies, and others. She even said that almost all my things are Miley Cyrus inspired. In addition, Samantha also applauds the acting capability of Miley Cyrus, especially when it comes to comedy that is why she even created her own fan page for Miley.Samantha informed me in the interview that she has not done any outrageous thing as a fan of Miley Cyrus because she believes that becoming a fan does not necessarily mean doing something stupid. Moreover, Samantha points out that Miley Cyrus is an inspiration to her and also to her friends because she represents teenager everywhere who are following their dreams despite the set-backs of the teenage life.Interviewee 3The last interviewee is an 18 years old Asia who is actually on her way of going to college.She requested that I do not state her name in the paper, as she is afeard(predicate) that someone might know that she is a fan of Miley Cyrus. The hesitatio n of this girl in admitting that she is a fan of Miley Cyrus comes from the fact that most of her peers perceived Miley Cyrus as a loser. As a result, this girl does not have any Miley Cyrus memorabilia and she does not join any networking site about Miley Cyrus. The main reason of this girl for idolizing Miley Cyrus is because she can relate with the life of the pop star.She states that Miley Cyrus is just a typical teenager who commits mistakes like her photo scandal and other boyfriend troubles . . . she is being real to herself and to her public. The girl idolizes Miley Cyrus because of her courage to be true to herself and to others even if she is already popular. In relation to this, she also thinks that Miley Cyrus is a strong individual that can properly handle all the criticisms that come her way. Being the case, Miley Cyrus influences this girl to also be true to herself and never give up. AnalysisBased on the answers of the three interviewees it is quite observable that most of Miley Cyrus fans are teenage girls who are undergoing the difficult and confusing stage of adolescence. Their main reasons for idolizing Miley Cyrus are due to her singing and acting talents as well as the way she handles herself. The interviewed fans of Miley Cyrus have not done any outrageous or stupid things for their idol because of the reason that they have other outlets in order to express their enthusiasm and support for Miley Cyrus such as buying her albums, patronizing her products, and joining/creating networking sites.However, in the situation of one girl, she cannot freely express that Miley Cyrus is her idol because of the negative perception of her friends when it comes to the pop star. From the answers of the interviewee it is clearly proven that Miley Cyrus becomes an influential and powerful personality in the society because she represents the life of most teenagers.Miley Cyrus songs, television series, and even her life exemplify the issues and problems o f an average American teenager. Miley Cyrus has substantially contributed to the American pop culture because most of her fans can actually relate with her life. Moreover, Miley Cyrus has her way of actually inspiring the lives of teenagers through her songs and the characters that she portrays, which embody a strong woman that give not give up amidst the challenges of life.

The day the Balloon Popped

To them, this stake didnt move over a remote effect on their life, but to me, this caused my whole life to change. Even to this day, eery time I am punished, I recall this soul destroying incident. But fortunately I have changed.Sorry for non introducing myself, my name is Joe Levi, I am the eldest unwrap of three children. I am fifteen age old, very tall and sturdy like my father. I am looked up to by all my siblings and in a way, l lead them through their lives. My role model is definitely my father, part of the reason beingness that I am known as a miniature him. I have a largish sense of responsibility in the family as I am always the initiatory child to do or try out something new. Like either other child, I have my fears but I am much too proud to admit them.Exactly seven years ago, I undergo a day that had great significance to the rest of my life. This is an account on what happened.It was coming up to the uncollectible day. This was going to be the first time I h ad ever slept away from my parents. I was going to be sleeping at my Grandmas flat in the West End. To me, this was much to a greater extent exciting than even a holiday. My parents had finally felt that I was responsible enough to stay away from them and be in aid of myself. I was buzzing with excitement. The closer it got, the bigger I felt. I was a balloon being short-winded up. I felt that I was supreme. Nothing could stand in my way.Until this incidence, I had been a determine, continuously growth upwards towards the sky. My parents were always proud of me, academically but more importantly, they loved all my character-traits. My Grandma would be taking me into Central London, and as it was around Christmas time, it would be livelier than ever. I would be going to the Theatre tardily at night and afterwards, I would be going to a famous Creperie. Nothing could be more exciting. I had thoughts and feelings rushing through my body. The balloon was expanding, getting bigger an d bigger.It was three days before the purpose and l had one of my closest friends over at my house. Surprisingly, the Sun was shining and it was a very sore day. So, we decided to have some fun with the sun. We got a big antique magnifine-glass out from the dining room cupboard, then stealing a piece of paper from the printer, we went out into the garden. Using the magnifine-glass, we focused the suns rays onto the corner of the piece of paper. Suddenly, the edge of the paper started glowing tearing. It was fascinating.It continued to glow, but soon became a stronger colour and started spreading exuberantly. Suddenly, the first flame appeared. Wow It was amazing what the Sun could do to a piece of paper, so far away. I found my dark hazel eyes fixed into the fire and didnt notice the whole paper bursting into flames. I screamed, my friend screamed. We poured a bucket of water over the piece of paper and put it in the bin. beforehand we could even open our mouths to let out a s igh or relief, the whole bin redress alight.My mum came rushing down the stairs and It was as if the whole situation had combusted. I was terrified. I was frightened. I didnt know what to say. I didnt know what to do. I stared at the roaring flames, taking over my life. My mum, who was only ever seen calm, went from blue to red to orange. She went into an explosive mood.After she put out the conflagration and my friend was sent home, I sat next to my inflaming mother. When I heard the punishment that I had been given, I couldnt believe my ears. The plant stopped growing, the balloon popped. I felt as if I had disintegrated into a pile of ashes. I was as hot as the sun. I still couldnt believe the cruel, deflating punishment that had been chosen. I thought to myself, what was so detrimental about what I did? All my friends did it. It was unfeasible to think that something I viewed as so minor, was actually so dangerous and life-threatening.My parents knew how much I was looking for ward to staying at my Grandmas. Tears started pouring down my red eyes and onto my rose cheeks. I felt put down. I felt embarrassed. What would happen when my siblings found out? I thought that they may no longer look up to me. My brain was sizzling, my head was frying. I started bellowing at my evil mother but she didnt even look at me.I post in my room, staring outside into the garden, watching all my siblings making snowmen with their friends and having fun snow fights. I started imagining what I could of be doing if I wasnt punished. I felt completely terrible. I felt as lowly as a worm. I pictured my grandma taking someone else to the theatre, having fun with another person. Anger started building up inside of me. I could feel it spreading throughout my body. It is amazing that, something which has had such a gigantic long-term impact on me, had been forgotten about an hour after the incident by my parents. I was as hot as hell however they were as cool as a cucumber.To them , this situation didnt have a remote effect on their life, but to me, this caused my whole life to progress. Even to this day, every time I am punished, I recall this soul destroying incident. But fortunately I have changed. I now deflate less and less I stay strong and carry on growing upwards towards the sky.

Organisational/Individual Environment Essay

The relationship mingled with persons and their employment is largely determined by their motivation, the driving ferocity behind actions. Therefore motivation is delineate as the treat that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal (Robins,). look into conducted in this ara has a attendant effect on attention styles. Motivation theories atomic number 18 essentially divided in two prefatorial categories. The earliest ones commissioned on content, what authenticly motivates mass, were followed by process theories where the focus is on the actual process of motivation.Maslow(1943) introduced the hierarchy of need motivation surmisal which is the most wide established system and it still influences management today. Maslow suggested that people have five kinds of demand namely physiologic, safety, love, esteem and self-actualisation. People atomic number 18 trying to satisfy them following an ascending order. It is necessary to satisfy a set out ranked need in order to move to a higher ranked one. Maslows theory was been criticised as little evidence was in support of that theory. Most people tend to be partially satisfied at each level and partially unsatisfied.In early motivational research physiological needs were linked with bills. Gellerman suggested that security safety needs whoremaster be provided through fringe benefits and as life insurance. Taylor (1911) hardened great tenseness on money and argued that motivation comes from economic needs. He as well as proposed that a science should be developed for each element of a mans work. nevertheless research has shown that for low pay workers money is not a good enough bonus. To what extend and how serious depends clearly on own(prenominal) circumstances Taylor tried to eliminate human mistakes at work. Taylors theory still influences production lines today. However in industry today workers ar seen as humans and emphasis i s given on their training and professional development. Smith (1999) conducted a study in order to mensurate the strength of financial incentives and the content of employment as motivators to work, in ancillary staff in the NHS and Hotel and waste industry.It was found that the rates of pay had very little influence on participants job satisfaction and subsequent work motivation despite the contrary belief of their line managers. This suggests need of communication between management and staff and non-awareness of their needs. Training opportunities did exist for ancillary staff besides there was little information on them. Farren recognised salry and fringe benefits as extrinsic motivation while as intrinsic motivation when the individual has the opportunity to use his own ability and appreciation.Money in the form of incentives is not an adequate motivator for people however Hersey & Blanchard (1982) recognised the symbolic value of money as the buying advocate they can attr ibute to individuals. In support of the abstract value of money McClelland suggested that there are four basic motives that drive individuals, succeedment, power and affiliation and avoidance. It was observed that individuals, which are high achievers, p confabulate situations where they have personal responsibility for their finishance, can receive clear and unambiguous feedback and the task is of moderate task difficulty. In this theory money were seen as symbolising successful task performance and goal achievement cited in Mullins(2002).As distant as social affiliation needs are concerned it is a common finding that people like to interact and be with others in situation where they feel comfortable. They tend to compose small cosy groups in order to find support when they have no support over work. This can offspring in reduction of productivity in which management cannot have defend over. However when strategic goals are in accord with individual ones consequently those in nut groups can work to the benefit of management. Managers are then(prenominal) invited to find ways to attract employees in sharing company objectives. The need for esteem is associated with prestige and power that comes from the position that someone has or it can be personal. Lastly Self-actualisation refers to competence and achievement.Alderler condensed Maslows five needs into three and came up with existence which refer to physiological and safety needs, relatedness which refer to love and fixth which refer to the higher ranked needs esteem and self actualisation. He suggested that they form more a continuum instead than being hierarchical in order. If satisfaction of needs at one level is blocked then attention should be focused on satisfaction of needs at other levels.Following the uniform example of ranking of needs Harberg developed theory X and speculation Y. Herzberg (1959) conducted a study of 203 Accountants and Engineers where he asked them to describe situat ions where they felt good or bad about their jobs. Findings have shown that people were dissatisfied with their jobs when hygiene factors (extra-job factors) like salary, interpersonal relationships, supervision, company policy, working conditions job security, status and factors in personal life were not satisfied. However when there was the opportunity for growth people were extremely satisfied with their jobs itself, thus when motivators where in place. . It is noted the opposite of satisfaction or dissatisfaction is not dissatisfaction or satisfaction accordingly but simply lack of it. When hygiene factors are satisfied for example it does not mean that workers will feel motivated. This study was replicated with opposite groups as well and similar findings were foundProcess theories that were developed later focus on the actual process of motivation. Hawthorne studies sponsored by Harvand University and directed by Elton Mayo signalled the need for management to study and en sure relationships among people. It forceful delegation of autonomy, employee autonomy, trust and openness, interpersonal dynamics, and co-operation instead of competition (Reis &Pena, 2001).Vroom(2000) has introduced the Expectancy theory. harmonise to that theory effort, performance, reward and personal goals are inter-linked and interdependent. People are influenced by the expected results of their actions. The pickaxe of behaviour is based on antepast of most favourable consequences. To describe that feeling of anticipated satisfaction out of a specific case Vroom used the term valence. The Cognitive valuation theory, which was developed subsequently, could be applied to jobs, which are neither dull nor interesting. Here what is important is self-efficacy not job satisfaction thus shot and achieving goals. In that process self generated feedback is a more powerful motivator.In that process of setting up goals and achieving them Adams with the justness Theory found that p eople tend to compare them selves with others and therefore concerned with fair treatment cited at Anderson, 2002. For example employees compare the rewards and promotional opportunities that they have with other employees, which can result in feelings of disappointment when they cover their performance equal but the financial rewards unequal. As a result of feeling inequity individuals force channel the inputs and outcomes or might even distort them cognitively. They might decide to leave the field or become aggressive and act on others unrelated to the subject of comparison. Finally they might decide to change the object of comparison.The individual thinks that he should be awarded in a indisputable way, what Porter and Lawler names sensed equitable reward. When the perceived equitable rewards are greater than the actual ones dissatisfaction occurs. That is a state of mind kind of that a permanent condition. Farren suggests that when needs or expectations are hindered the ind ividual can react with either a constructive behaviour or licking. The outcomes of constructive behaviour leads to problem solving or restructuring while frustration can cause aggression, fixation, withdrawal or even displaced aggression where the person in question is order his aggression to a colleague other than the one who is the source of frustration.Following on from goal setting as a motivator Thomas has developed the theory of Intrinsic Motivation were emphasis was placed on the source of motivation. Individuals have a motivation, which stems from them selves rather than imposed by managers when a) they have the good of choice and can select form different activities b) can show competence, thus that they can skilfully perform the chosen tasks. This adds meaning fullness to the task and the feeling that a worthy task purpose is created. As individuals advance in achieving the tasks purpose they can demonstrate some progress cited in Mullins, (2002)Douglas McGregor(1960)ma de a major contribution to the history of motivation theory with his Theory X and Theory Y. gibe to theory X, which is the one traditionally followed by managers, most people prefer to be directed. They are not interested in assuming responsibility, what they need is safety. Managers structure, control and supervise external control appropriate for fleeceable workers. This theory is questioned because as we live in a democratic society, with an increasing level of education and exemplar of living people must be capable of a more acquire behaviour. In Theory Y however it is suggested that people are not by nature lazy and unreliable but can be self-directed and creative if motivated. That creates an essential task for management, which is to unleash this potential in individuals. right motivated people can achieve their own goals trounce by directing their own efforts towards accomplishing organisational goals. Argyris(1993) was in support of that theory and argued that followi ng bureaucratic or pyramidal values leads to poor, shallow and mistrustful relationships. human-centered and democratic values can nurture an environment for trusting and authentic relationships. Argyris suggests that as people grow up and mature the same process take place at work. People develop from a stage of dependency upon others as infants to a state or relative independence as adults. Their interests are becoming deeper and stronger. Furthermore they move from being subordinate to being equal or at a superior position. According to Argyris theoritical findings management is challenged to provide a work climate where everybody has the chance to grow and mature as individuals while working for the success of the organisation.In the 1980s in America a untested movement was to be initiated, Total Quality charge, which influenced management style of the two following decades greatly (Reis & Pena, 1999). It back up employee empowerment and decent treatment of people. After that movement the idea of re-engineering was due to influence management until today. According to that, work processes are re-thought and streamlined. Work satisfaction was to be enhanced by the creation of multi-skilled teams who accepted sizable responsibility. However as it was later proved in times of recession re-engineering became the synonymous of downsizing in businesses. Management was more interested in cutting costs by reducing work force and not improving the work processes. According to Reis & Pena Management forgot the employee, the customer, and quality p. 673.Alternatively Reis & Pena suggest that managers should try and understand the people they work with and vice versa. The key here is to remove barriers to motivation. Rabey (2001) is warning us that there are some limits as to how much managers can motivate employees as they can only create the right environment for individuals to respond to motivation voluntary. Rabey continues by making some more practical suggest ions about how to achieve that motivating environment in the workplace at different stages of employees work history from selection to retention. At the stage of interview he suggests that the interviewers as well as the interviewee must have an honest orgasm and disclose any information about the company and the applicant accordingly so that to achieve the best match. According to Rabey surveys of employees in recent years have shown that a workplace should meet some certain standards in order to stimulate motivation.These include goal setting, participation, recognition, and communication fair wages, training, teamwork and innovation. These preconditions for motivation are in addition included in the latest content theories, i.e Theory Y, Intrinsic Motivation, Expentacy Theory. Rabey goes one and defines the golden mean for a manager/leader. He reckons that a manager should be something between a manager where he manages and gets results from planning, control and compliance and a leader who leads and motivated followers choose to give commitment. Managers can play a unique role in building trust and co-operation with employees, which is the foundation to success. Tietjen and Myers(1998) conclude that it is the work itself that brings fulfilment and Maslows higher order of needs into beingp.231. For management this means that they are challenged to create the necessary conditions so that the fulfilment gained from doing the job is expected daily. In the lines of effective interpersonal relationships at work Orpen (1997) found in a study that mentoring can improve motivation.Motivational research and organisational history suggests that management should adopt a more customer-focused style. During the last century research as well as management practice has locomote from recognising as money incentives as the strongest motivator to placing emphasis on the employee and the intrinsic motivation that he has. The focus is now on the actual process of motivatio n and managers are called to create the necessary conditions in the workplace for their employees to achieve common company objectives. The ultimate goal is to have empowered workers, able to take an dynamic role in the pursue of their career oriented goals and his objectives are in accordance with the ones shared by management.ReferencesAnderson, N. (Ed) O., Deniz S. (Ed) et-al. (2002). Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology, Volume 2 Organizational psychology. (pp. 53-76)Argyris,-Chris (1993) On Organisational Learning. Cambridge, MA, US Blackwell Business/Blackwell Publishers.Hesley, P. & Blanchard, K. (4th edition) Management of Organisational Behaviour Utilising Human ResourcesMcGregor,-Douglas (1960) The human side of enterprise, New York, NY, US McGraw-Hill.Mullins (2002), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 6th Edition, Pearson Education, pp 418- 448Orpen, C. The Effects of formal mentoring on employee work motivation, organisational commitment and job performance in The Learning Organisation An International Journal, 1997 Vol 4, No 2 pp. 53-60Rabey G. B. Motivation is Response in Industrial and Commercial Training, 2001 Vol. 33, No 1 pp.26-28Robins S. R. Organisational Behaviour (10th Edition) PearsonSmith, L. An Evaluation of programmes for staff motivation in NHS and hotel ancillary staff Facilities 1999, Vol 17, No 7/8 pp.264-271Tietjen M. A. & Myers, R. M. Motivation and antic Satisfaction in Management Decision 1998, Vol 36 No 4, pp. 226-231Vroom,V. H. Leadership and the decision-making process. Organisational-Dynamics. 2000 Vol 28(4) 82-94BibliographyWetherell M. (1996) Identities Groups and Social Issues Sage Publications capital of the United Kingdom

Life Magazine cover depicting India-Pakistan War Essay

The dispute over this region originated in the process of decolonization in southwestward Asia. When the British colony of India gained its independence in 1947, it was partitioned into two separate entities the secular nation of India and the predominantly Muslim nation of Pakistan. Pakistan was composed of two noncontiguous regions, East Pakistan and West Pakistan, separated by Indian territory. The state of Jammu and Kashmir, which had a predominantly Muslim population but a Hindu leader, shared borders with both India and West Pakistan.The business line over which nation would incorporate the state led to the first India-Pakistan War in 1947-48 and ended with UN mediation. Jammu and Kashmir, to a fault known as Indian Kashmir or just Kashmir, joined the Republic of India, but the Pakistani authorities continued to believe that the majority Muslim state rightfully belonged to Pakistan. Conflict resumed again in proterozoic 1965, when Pakistani and Indian forces clashed over di sputed territory along the border between the two nations. Hostilities escalate that August when the Pakistani army attempted to take Kashmir by force.The attempt to seize the state was unsuccessful, and the min India-Pakistan War reached a stalemate. This time, the international politics of the Cold War affected the nature of the contravention. The unite States had a history of ambivalent transaction with India. During the 1950s, U. S. officials regarded Indian leadership with some caution due to Indias familiarity in the nonaligned movement, particularly its prominent role at the Bandung Conference of 1955. The united States hoped to maintain a regional balance of power, which meant not allowing India to influence the political development of other states.However, a 1962 border conflict between India and China ended with a decisive Chinese victory, which motivated the United States and the United acres to provide host supplies to the Indian army. After the clash with China , India also turned to the Soviet Union for assistance, which fit(p) some strains on U. S. -Indian relations. However, the United States also provided India with considerable development assistance throughout the 1960s and 1970s. U. S. -Pakistani relations had been more consistently positive.The U. S.Government looked to Pakistan as an example of a moderate Muslim state and appreciated Pakistani assistance in holding the line against communist expansion by joining the southeastward Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954 and the Baghdad Pact (later renamed the Central Treaty Organization, or CENTO) in 1955. Pakistans interest in these pacts stemmed from its desire to develop its military and defensive capabilities, which were substantially weaker than those of India. Both the United States and the United Kingdom supplied arms to Pakistan in these years.After Pakistani troops invaded Kashmir, India moved quickly to internationalise the regional dispute. It asked the United Nations to reprise its role in the First India-Pakistan War and end the current conflict. The hostage Council passed Resolution 211 on family line 20 calling for an end to the fighting and negotiations on the settlement of the Kashmir problem, and the United States and the United Kingdom supported the UN decision by cutting off arms supplies to both belligerents. This throw away affected both belligerents, but Pakistan felt the effects more keenly since it had a much weaker military in caparison to India.The UN resolution and the halting of arms sales had an immediate impact. India accepted the ceasefire on September 21 and Pakistan on September 22. The ceasefire alone did not resolve the status of Kashmir, and both sides accepted the Soviet Union as a third-party mediator. Negotiations in Tashkent concluded in January 1966, with both sides giving up territorial claims, withdrawing their armies from the disputed territory. Nevertheless, although the Tashkent agreement achieved its short -term aims, conflict in South Asia would reignite a few years later.

Globalization and Technology Changes in Starbucks Company Research Paper - 8

Globalization and Technology Changes in Starbucks familiarity - Research authorship ExampleHere the company has carefully expanded its products and expertise to mull over new channels, products, and commercializes. Today Starbucks Company proudly offers its newly acquired customers assorted iconic beverages as well as new menu choices that reflect their community preferences. Technological advancement has in the recent days proven as offering trustworthy companies a competitive edge over other similar companies. Changes in technology have equally been associated with growth in the competitiveness. Starbuck Company takes this idea seriously and has been in the forefront initiating new proficient operations. employ this technology Starbuck has realized benefits ranging from administrative functions, management of our supply chain, online business, point-of-sale processing and payment at the stores and online, Starbucks Cards. in that respect is no doubt that technology has boo sted Starbucks operations and profitability, thanks to its inherent effectiveness and efficiency elements. Globalization and technological changes have seen the Starbuck grow its market outside America to include the China and Asia Pacific segment and the Europe, the in-between East and Africa (EMEA) segment. The former segment at one point became the fastest growing market delivering well-nigh 27% of the total growth in 2013. Ideally, Globalization and technological changes allowed the company to increase its market and and so increase its Net Revenues from $9.8 billion in 2009 to $14.9 in 2013(STARBUCKS CORPORATION Fiscal 2013 Annual Report, 2014).Starbuck success is no secret and no one can doubt its standing among its equals however, there is still much path for better performance. Maybe one of the ways this company can ensure its returns go above add up is by keeping up the search for more distribution channels in its US market and offer a wide range of food to complement i ts beverage business. Such is the case that this roleplay will increase the average customer check.

Various History Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Various History Questions - Essay ExamplePassage into the American colonies during the period of village was only possible for the wealthy, and this prevented those from the lower economic rungs from booking passage into the colonies. In order to entice potency laborers into the colonies, the system of indentured servitude was conceptualized and soon after, these individuals became an integral part of the colonial economy (PBS, 2011). An indentured servants life would come about due to skilled and unskilled laborers finding themselves without live on. Due to the necessity of finding any type of work to support themselves and their families, indentured servitude came about. There ar various advantages and disadvantages to this practice. It is advantageous because it provides neighboring(a) economic relief to jobless laborers (PBS, 2011). In effect, it gives them the opportunity to gain employment, even with their salaries being less than nonsuch for them and their families. It i s a preferable choice for them as comp ard to their unemployed status, to which they credit more undefined hardships. Disadvantages to this practice are however also apparent. For ane, it is a practice open to abuse because employers are paying these laborers less than what they deserve. Although the laborers are indeed able to fill in their temporary needs in the long-run, they are not getting what they fairly deserve for their labors. Consequently, they are enriching employers who are only after their cheap labor and hard work. This is a practice which can be considered the precedent for slavery, and in the years which followed the transport of Black Africans to America and the British Empire, slavery ultimately found its unfortunate place. But there is no denying the travails that these indentured servants went through with their work and accommodations being less than ideal they were also treated harshly for their wrongdoings (PBS, 2011). These laborers also had difficulty in eventually gaining liberatedom from their servitude however, it was still a better deal than the conditions recovern among slaves who were not given the right to be free of their slavery. 2. How did life in the British colonies contribute to creating a unique American identity? How do you see that identity manifested in modern American society? The life in the British colonies contributed in creating a unique American identity. Originally, the colonies were fashioned by ideas of prosperity, literacy, and improvements in religion and thought (Teacher Web, n.d). Land self-command in the colonies was also seen as a means of becoming wealthy. In turn, wealth was seen as part of ones social status, and the colonies were in the middle of these ranks. Land ownership was also associated with the right to vote, hence, land ownership was a highly sought privilege. It motivated many men to work hard and to seek improve lifestyles for themselves and their families (Teacher Web, n.d). The c olonists felt united as Americans before the start of the revolution however, they had a longer time in gaining their identity as a people. They were also highly suspicious of each other, and this caused delays in their identity as colonials. However, these delays were eventually resolved as they started to preserve their rights and to express actions seeking to gain their independence from Britain. It was important for them to seat aside their differences, unite against

Evaluate for a case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluate for a case - Essay ExampleIn addition, the reason for locating new personal credit line donors, while taking help of medical consultants, was the loss in business, which Plasma world(prenominal) could foresee, due to the above-mentioned reason. However, Plasma tried to exploit the new donors, which were innocent tribal people who wanted to sell their blood for money.The whole issue came to surface due to discovery of the memorise by a Tampa paper. According to its reports, Plasma made millions of Dollars in little time, by buying rubbishy blood and selling the same to needy patients in United States at exorbitant prices. The treatment of blood as a commodity in United States is vastly different from the outline of blood go forth followed in Britain, where the National Health Service entirely depends on voluntary donors.According to possibleness of Capitalism, capitalist theories stress on the fundamental issue of profit motivation in any business venture. Although t he surmisal of capitalism may apply to the business style of Plasma International, it goes beyond doubt that the whole business did not follow any moral ethics.According to conjecture of Utilitarianism, the business motive should be to tote up maximum good to optimum number of people. However, in this case, the benefit has gone only to Plasma International and none else, as both blood donors and receivers were cheated by the company.Kantian theory has application for British baby-sit of treating blood as a human need, instead of trading it as any other commodity. Hence, system followed in Britain certainly has several advantages, over the American system, particularly since human blood and lives are involved.This theory relates to getting satisfactory fulfillment of human needs by employing voluntary means. At the same time, the theory underlines the fact that ones actions or thinking should not interfere in the freedom of others. merciful needs, for this