Friday, May 31, 2019

Hiring a New Employee Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Hiring a New EmployeeA company is only as good as the employees who work for It. Seems to be the slogan driving most employers in todays marketplace. Your employees are a direct reflection of your company and in many industries, may rattling be considered the product. Finding the right employee can be one of the most crucial and difficult decisions a business can face. Businesses must be active for this process and understand the steps involved in hiring a new employee.When an employer makes the decision to hire a new employee, they must first decide what advantages this employee leave alone offer the company. The employee may be considered a producer, who would benefit the company by producing, creating, selling or supporting the product. This employee would be responsible for direct profits for the company. He or she may also belong to the coordinator category of employees. These employees are responsible for the productivity of producers by coordinating their tasks with those of other producers to gain the most cost potent solution. It must be determined if the efforts of a coordinator would benefit the producers in a specific company. A new employee may also offer your company the friend qualities needed to free up the time of a higher paid employee. An assistant can be very valuable to your company by lot your executives become more efficient. Once the potential gains of a new employee are determined, the costs associated with this...

Thursday, May 30, 2019

The Use of Symbolism and Imagery in Tourneurs The Revenger’s Tragedy E

The Revengers Tragedy by Cyril Tourneur, was written using symbolism and imagery, which comes from the protagonist (The visitr) Vindice. A main trait of a calamity is that there will be a downfall of a character within the play, in this incase from the opening scene the protagonist, Vindice, is the clear culprit for an stirred up meltdown and a tragedy all of his own. These themes of symbolism and imagery in The Revengers tragedy are a connection between what is right and wrong. In the first character whom is introduced into the play and is of a high social background, we know this because throughout the soliloquy Vindice speaks using Iambic pentameter (blank verse) however when the character Vindice is in screen he speaks in prose this shows to the audience that he is not himself. The first sign of symbolism in the play is in the first soliloquy, holding a skull he watches as... this skull is a symbol of the loss of his lover Gloriana. Also an example symbolic language from V indice when using black verse is the reference to the skull, because the skull is seen as an empty shell of cobblers last and a picture of Gloriana, it also acts as a ornament for the audience to see while he reconstructs her filld out its hollow desolation of her face and the dazzling eyes that once decorated its unsightly rings.The skull of Gloriana could also symbolise the fate of Vindice, the skull acts as a constant reminder of dying and it seems to be following him round where ever he goes. There is an inevitable link between the death of his betrothed lady and the retaliate he seeks upon the empurpled family. He is trying to set a commensurateness by taking one life because the life of Gloriana was taken, but trying to fix a balance creates Vindices in... ...tement says that this family believe that raping women is acceptable because they believe that every woman would enjoy sec and he has no remorse for raping Lord Antonios wife. This makes the act of revenge build fo r Vindice because he is not only killing the Duke for one person but for two women whom were treated wrongly by the duke or his family in this case the dukes son.The downward spiral of the character Vindice, shows a large scope of emotion, starting with a quite normal grieving process for his partner, to seeking his revenge on the Duke, this revenge soon spiralling out of his control when he decides to get revenge on the whole of the royal family because the Dukes son raped Lord Antonios wife. Therefore the use of symbolism and imagery works well and the play follows an effective structure in which the tragedy becomes the tragedy of Vindice alone.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Cat v. Dog Essay -- Papers Pets Household Pet Essays

Cat v. Dog Many households occupy pets. Deciding on a pet can be a difficult decision. The majority of the time people tend to choose all a dog or a quat for their pet. There are umteen similarities as well as differences between a dog and a computed tomography. However, the differences outnumber the similarities and usually serve as the deciding factor between the two. With either a dog or a hombre, there will be a new addition to the family. Much responsibility comes along with this new member. both depend on their owner entirely for food, shelter, and affection. The dog and the cat require a great deal of time. both a dog and a cat expect daily attention. Owner loyalty is an advantage to having a dog or cat. The dog and the cat will perish good companions with their owner. Both become attached to their owners and vice versa. A dog or cat owner should be prepared for the loss of his or her pet. Both a dog and a cat can become an inconvenience to c lean up after. Shedding hair on particular breeds is a hassle with both. Much like a child, they are known to get into things and create unwanted messes. The owner must watch where he or she allows his or her dog or cat to roam. Both the dog and the cat can be inside or outside pets. A future cat or dog owner should take in account the size of his or her home and make sure that it can accommodate his or her new pet. Expenses are another issue with a cat or dog. Veterinarian care is at least required annually. Other health issues may be unavoidable and should be expected. Depending on the size of the cat or dog and the brand an owner chooses, food can be another cost. Whether or not an owner wishes... ...og seem to relish in the elementary pleasures of life that humans overlook. A dog wants to play endlessly. A dog will retrieve a stick all day. A dog is never content with the amount of time that itsowner gives them. A cat seldom wants to play and is s atisfied with a minute of batting at a dangling ready mouse. A dog is also a great exercise partner, as long as its owner is willing to follow behind a debonair dog. Once the differences and similarities become apparent to a future dog or cat owner, the decision is easy. One should choose a pet that is compatible with his or her lifestyle. A dog and a cat are both great additions to any family. Taking a life into ones hands is a important perpetration and should not be taken lightly. After the decision between a cat and dog is made, it is easy to fall in love with the new pet.

Action and Observation in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear E

execute and Observation in King Lear Auden once asserted that Shakespearean tragedy is needs parabolic, pertaining to the only myth that Christianity possesses that of the unrepentant thief. We as the spectators are thus implicated in the action since each of us is in danger of re-enacting this story in his own way.1 The sufferings of the superstar could be our own sufferings, whereas in Greek tragedy, such a nonion is precluded precisely because the misfortunes of a character can be traced back to the discontent of the gods. Hippolytus is non a moral agent Hamlet is. The aesthetic of Shakespearean tragedy is therefore dynamic, with an audience that, to a certain extent, are also participants. Auden proposes a warning of observing based upon an Aristotelian conception of drama, one that involves the spectator in an emotional relationship with the characters on stage. King Lear too, offers the audience several quite translucent paradigms of both observation and action, and cr ucially, it is on the varying successes of these forms that the tragedy hinges. One does not need to look far in King Lear for a figure that tycoon fit Audens mould. Kent surely embodies that which Schlegel termed the science of compassion in the play.2 He is publicly traduced and humiliated by Lear in Act I, Scene 1, and yet, in the guise of Caius, risks his life in ball club to serve his king still. Kent observes Lears hideous rashness (I.i.153) and he is motivated into participating in his masters sufferings I have a journey, sir, shortly to go My master calls me I must not say no. (V.iii.323-324) The simple rhyme, metric balance, and monosyllabic plainness of this couplet infuse the lines with a sen... ...onathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 381 3 Samuel tinson, privyson as Critic, ed. John Wain, Routledge & Kegan Paul 1973, pp. 216-217 4 John Willet, The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, Methuen 1964, p.170 5 Ibid, p.172 6 Euripides, Alcestis and other plays, trans. John Da vie, Penguin 1996, p.80 7 The Romantics on Shakespeare, ed. Jonathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 390 8 Kiernan Ryan, King Lear The Subversive Imagination in New Casebooks King Lear, ed. Kiernan Ryan, Macmillan 1993, p.80 9 A. C. Bradley, Shakespearian Tragedy, Macmillan 1908, p.55 10 W. H. Auden, The Dyers Hand and Other Essays, Vintage New York 1989, p.201 11 Harold Bloom, Shakespeare The Invention of the Human, Fourth Estate 1999, p.481 12 William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (plate 3 lines 11-12) in The Complete Poems, Penguin 1977, p.181 Action and Observation in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear EAction and Observation in King Lear Auden once asserted that Shakespearean tragedy is needfully parabolic, pertaining to the only myth that Christianity possesses that of the unrepentant thief. We as the spectators are thus implicated in the action since each of us is in danger of re-enacting this story in his own way.1 The sufferings of the sub could be our own sufferings, whereas in Greek tragedy, such a notion is precluded precisely because the misfortunes of a character can be traced back to the discontent of the gods. Hippolytus is not a moral agent Hamlet is. The aesthetic of Shakespearean tragedy is therefore dynamic, with an audience that, to a certain extent, are also participants. Auden proposes a model of observing based upon an Aristotelian conception of drama, one that involves the spectator in an emotional relationship with the characters on stage. King Lear too, offers the audience several quite straightforward paradigms of both observation and action, and crucially, it is on the varying successes of these models that the tragedy hinges. One does not need to look far in King Lear for a figure that ability fit Audens mould. Kent surely embodies that which Schlegel termed the science of compassion in the play.2 He is publicly traduced and humiliated by Lear in Act I, Scene 1, and yet, in the guise of Caius , risks his life in social club to serve his king still. Kent observes Lears hideous rashness (I.i.153) and he is motivated into participating in his masters sufferings I have a journey, sir, shortly to go My master calls me I must not say no. (V.iii.323-324) The simple rhyme, metric balance, and monosyllabic plainness of this couplet infuse the lines with a sen... ...onathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 381 3 Samuel Johnson, Johnson as Critic, ed. John Wain, Routledge & Kegan Paul 1973, pp. 216-217 4 John Willet, The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, Methuen 1964, p.170 5 Ibid, p.172 6 Euripides, Alcestis and other plays, trans. John Davie, Penguin 1996, p.80 7 The Romantics on Shakespeare, ed. Jonathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 390 8 Kiernan Ryan, King Lear The Subversive Imagination in New Casebooks King Lear, ed. Kiernan Ryan, Macmillan 1993, p.80 9 A. C. Bradley, Shakespearian Tragedy, Macmillan 1908, p.55 10 W. H. Auden, The Dyers Hand and Other Essays, Vintage New York 1989, p.201 11 Harold Bloom, Shakespeare The Invention of the Human, Fourth Estate 1999, p.481 12 William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (plate 3 lines 11-12) in The Complete Poems, Penguin 1977, p.181

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Student- Teacher relationships will improve :: essays papers

Student- Teacher relationships will improve From the very starting signal day of school on, student- teacher relationships will be improved in sharp classes. Patricia Handley has been an elementary school teacher for twenty-eight years. She has had the opportunity to teach in both small and large classes. On the first day of teaching her first small class Handley comments, I immediately noted their sense of importance no one seemed lost in the crowd (2002). In a small class, as the students enter, the teacher can take the time to greet each one. The teacher will learn the names of the children faster. The quicker the student is called by his or her name and the more individual attention they get from the teacher, the more comfortable they atomic number 18 going to feel expressing themselves to the teacher in a learning environment. In a class of fifteen students, we can quickly learn about one some other and do so in more depth (Handley, 2002). each(prenominal) child is an individual. Once a teacher has the chance to get to know the students, they can work to accommodate the strengths and weaknesses in the learning process. Students will have a more worthwhile learning experience Many schools throughout the nation have tried smaller classes. Members of a teaching team in Narcoossee conjunction School in St. Cloud, Florida have commented that when students come back from summer vacation, they are enthusiastic to see everybody and begin the learning process, more so than before the architectural plan started (McGoogan, 2001). Group discussions can be a major part of a school day. In small classes, everybody can have a chance to participate. When students are able to speak to a class in their elementary years, they will gain confidence. If they get used to contributing to class discussions, more than likely, they will prolong onto that and use it as they progress through high school and college. When students are in a smaller setting, the y will get to know one another better, as well as the teacher. When students are comfortable with the people around them, they will not feel shy or intimidated to raise their reach to answer a question. As students share their ideas and feelings with their peers, they will enhance their learning. They will be able to learn from what others say and they will become more evoke on the topic of the discussion if they are involved in some way.

Student- Teacher relationships will improve :: essays papers

Student- Teacher relationships will improve From the very stolon day of school on, student- teacher relationships will be improved in smaller companyes. Patricia Handley has been an elementary school teacher for twenty-eight years. She has had the opportunity to teach in both small and large classes. On the first day of teaching method her first small class Handley comments, I immediately noted their sense of importance no one seemed lost in the mob (2002). In a small class, as the students enter, the teacher can take the time to greet each one. The teacher will learn the names of the children faster. The quick the student is called by his or her name and the more(prenominal) individual attention they achieve from the teacher, the more comfortable they are going to feel expressing themselves to the teacher in a eruditeness environment. In a class of fifteen students, we can quickly learn about one another and do so in more depth (Handley, 2002). Each child is an indiv idual. Once a teacher has the chance to get to know the students, they can work to accommodate the strengths and weaknesses in the learning process. Students will see a more worthwhile learning experience Many schools throughout the nation have tried smaller classes. Members of a teaching team in Narcoossee Community School in St. Cloud, Florida have commented that when students come back from summer vacation, they are enthusiastic to see everybody and begin the learning process, more so than before the program started (McGoogan, 2001). Group discussions can be a major part of a school day. In small classes, everybody can have a chance to participate. When students are able to speak to a class in their elementary years, they will gain confidence. If they get used to contributing to class discussions, more than likely, they will hold onto that and use it as they progress through high school and college. When students are in a smaller setting, they will get to know one anoth er better, as well as the teacher. When students are comfortable with the people around them, they will not feel shy or intimidated to raise their hands to answer a question. As students share their ideas and feelings with their peers, they will enhance their learning. They will be able to learn from what others say and they will become more interested on the topic of the discussion if they are involved in some way.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Report of Influence Leadership on Apple Inc

Report of influence returning on orchard apple tree Inc may 5 2011 This extend shows market review, SWOT and PEST of orchard apple tree Inc as healthful as back ground of Steve Jobs- brilliant CEO. It in addition criticize and relate to attractions theories in his case. Contents Introductions3 Findings4 1. Products and portions4 2. Market review5 Literature review10 Conclusions15 Recommendations15 References16 Introductions It is obvious to suggest that the winner ofacorporate brandis based onmany f actionorsthatimpact directlyor indirectly todelivering the finaleto buildthat success.Human factors, especiallythe place of attracterships andtheir decision atomic number 18prerequisiteto bring a unique successin both trade andbrand reputation. According to Fortune magazine, orchard apple tree Inc is The sightly ab bring out Admired play along in the USA in 2010 and becomes a attraction in technical rivalry in majority aras such as consumer electronics as considerably as software yields (Magazine, 2011) . Its success based on creativity and innovation strategies, and a significant advant get alongs which allows the company to occupy the leading positions in the world market is leadership of this Company , specially Steve Jobs- a visionary talents CEO.He has played an important role in the development of the computer company. However, this was also the line of work of Apple beca theatrical role of lack of Steve Jobs such as when he got cancer leading to falling down Apple stock price in the past. So that, The aim of this report will centralise on affection of leadership on Apple and how leadership theories relate in this case. This report also shows market review of Apple Inc and recommends for this company . The report based on secondary research (public information on the internet, journals and literature review from books).Laterally, the research will evaluate the fact and delineate theories in specific circumstance- Apple Inc and Steve Jobs. Findings 1. Products and services In 1976, Apple was co-founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. The Company specializes designs, manufactures, and markets consumer electronics fruits personal computers, portable unison players, brisk visits as intimately as related software, services, and peripherals. Apple sells its products worldwide and provides support through its website . Additionally, Apple distributes digital entertainment content through its iTunes Store.While initially standing only music, the strain has grown to include videos, television shows, films, and audio books. Apples products and services include * A set off of personal computing products including ground and portable computers. The Companys desktop computers such as iMac, Mac Pro and Mac mini. Its portable computers include MacBook, MacBook Pro and MacBook Air. * iPod The iPod was launched as a line of portable digital music players in 2001, a portable entertainment device capable of storing ph otos and playing video. iPhone Released in June 2007, the iPhone marked Apples entry into the rapidly growing Smartphone market. * In January 2010, introduced iPad, a multi-purpose mobile device for browsing the web, reading and sending email, viewing photos, watching videos etc * iTunes Store in early 2001, iTunes is a digital media player application used to discern audio and video files. * Apple TV Launched in 2007, the Apple TV is a digital media receiver designed to play content from an Internet media service or any computer running iTunes. AppleCare provides a range of support options for the Companys customers, include assistance that is built into software products, printed and electronic product manuals, online support including comprehensive product information as well as technical aid, and the Apple Care Protection Plan (APP). * The Company offers a range of software products for consumers and creative customers, including the Companys proprietary Mac OS X and iOS in op eration(p) system software. Ipad2 Imac Iphone4 Macbook Pro 2. Market review The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis.Operating segments consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific. In September 25, 2010, the Company had opened a total of 317 retail stores, including 233 stores in the U. S. A and 84 stores all everyplace the world, approximately 44% of the Companys total net sales in 2010 inside the USA. Also, the Company had nearly 46,600 regular equivalent employees and 2,800 full-time equivalent temporary employees and contractors. It has worldwide annual net sales of $65. 225 billion in 2010. (Inc, 2011) Net sales and Gross margin of Apple Inc in 2008-2009-2010 ($ million)Net sales/ Revenue during 2010 increased $22. 3 billion, or 52% compared with 2009. Overall, total net sales of Apple increases rapidly, specially in 2010. (Inc, 2011) disbursal $1. 8 billion, $1. 3 billion and $1. 1 billion in 2010, 2009 and 2008 to invest development of new innovative products, such as iPhone, iPod, iPad and Macbook. (Inc, 2011) Investment of Apple in 2008-2009-2010( percentage %) * PEST summary * Politics Different countries have different policies which some way restrict or give the company chances.The company has to act in accordance with the environment regulations such as environment safe disposal or recycling. Triad , NAFTA and other regions open doors to trade ,otherwise Latin America, Asia offer massive potential. Unstable politics caused terrorism activities are directly impacting the overall business of the company. * Social The growing of computer and internet usage all over the world which are opportunities to develop computer industry. Education issue is put first for new generation which is key element for business of the company. User becomes to a greater extent knowledgeable and skilled about computer. Economic Impacting from economic crisis leading to low consumers spending, however some signs of improvement appears by change magnitude of spending and investment of consumers. silver exchange rate fluctuations and international trade regulations (tariffs and antidumping penalties) may affect products sales. * Technology Advanced in technology quickly and consumers appreciate more more advances in their systems. The traditional desktop might become outdated by the entrance of new revolutionary products. Increasing demands for new technology in schools and professionals. * SWOT Analysis * CompetitorsSWOT and PEST analysis above showed overview criticism about Apple. The company has a good performance, however it also encounters aggressive competitors in all segments of its business. The markets for the Companys products and services are highly competitive. Because the segments in which the Company competes are characterized by rapid technological advances, including personal computers with its Mac computers mobile parleys and media devices with its iPhone, iPad and iPod product families, and d istribution of third-party digital content and applications with its online iTunes Store.For instance * Personal computers segment According to Fortune magazine, HP is ranked 2nd in list of Worlds most respect companies with score 7. 74 , HPs revenue is $126 billion in 2010. (Magazine, 2011) (HP, 2011) * Mobile communications segment HTC- The worlds deepst maker of handset using Microsoft Corp. and Google Inc. operating systems. Its products use Googles humanoid platform and Windows Phone 7 software ofMicrosoft. Revenue rose to NT$76 billion in third quarter 2010. Businessweek, 2011) * Software segment Android, the free operating system genuine by Google, accounted for a 32 percent share of the U. S. market for Smartphone bought in the past six months of 2010 according to August data from Nielsen Co. * genuine and future trends Using Smartphone is increasing today( increased to 29 % in 2010, USA) (Roger Entner, 2011). A growing proportion of younger consumers opt to use their mobile contracts for all telecoms services. The focus of mobile industry will be on platforms, include operating systems ( iOS of Apple , Android of Google, and Microsofts Window 7) .The combination of affordable data plan and increasing Smartphone usage would get more hoi polloi online. Consumers are ready to spend more for their extra functionality, effective and fashionable products. Touch, eye, voice and possibly even header controllers will be commonplace. It also is future trend for personal computers and portable music players. Literature review As mentioned above , Apples success base on key point Steve Job- a brilliant CEO. Before analyzing influence of Steve Jobs on Apple and relate it with leadership theories, it is necessary to define leadership and its theories. Definition lead is an interaction between two or members of a group that often involves structuring of the situation and the perceptions, expectation of members. Leaders are agent of change-person whose act s affect other people more than other peoples act affect them. Leadership occurs when one group member modifies the motivation or competencies of others in the group. In fact, some people are able to lead naturally while others, leadership skills are built up through hard work and practice.According to Stogdills studies, there are 5 elements which modify effective leader traits Capacity, Achievement, Responsibility, Participation, Status. (Bloisi et al. , 2007) In addition, 4 leader decision styles were classified include Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-faire, Human relation. (Bloisi et al. , 2007) Although, leaders success also depends on how they interact with assorted circumstances that influence the trade union movements to be undertaken. A range of researches was pointed out, however some popular theories have known( contingency theories).Firstly, The Fiedler contingency model-matching leader style and situational favorableness factors. It includes (Bloisi et al. , 2007) li ne of work structure the degree to which the duty are formalised and planned Position power the degree of influence a leader has over activities such as recruitment, authority, promotion and increasing salary Leader-member relations the degree of confidence, trust and respect inferiors have for the leader . Secondly, Hersey and Blanchards (1996) situational leadership theory matching leader behaviours to followers needs.Based on combinations of the leaders task and relationship behaviours as moderated by the job maturity of followers. (Bloisi et al. , 2007). It includes delegate behaviours organising and defining roles, structure, dividing line of communication Relationship behaviours relationship with inferiors by opening channel of communication and supporting. Thirdly, Path-goal theory ( House and Mitchell, 1974) a leader should clarify goals, show acceptable paths for attaining goals, make the path easier to travel, and fix satisfactory performance. (Bloisi et al. , 20 07).It includes Directive leadership (highly task orientated)- provide guidance and how indentified performance standards and time schedules as well as policies Achievement-orientated leadership (high task and relationship orientated) challenge purpose is built up, seeks performance upgrading Participative leadership ( moderately task and highly relationship orientated ) consulting with and soliciting the ideas of others in decision-making Supportive leadership (highly relationship orientated) -concern for the needs and purposes of others and strives to make the work conditions satisfying and equitable.Additionally, there are 2 styles among some(prenominal) leadership styles which modify model of leaders. Firstly, Transactional leadership using bureaucratic authority and incentives to motivate, focusing on rewards according to Bass theory. Secondly, Charismatic leadership heroic leadership the ability to energize interiors through the use of symbols, visionary, stories and rhetoric to achieve at extraordinary levels, typically having a vision and a origin for the future , advanced by Weber (1947).Such information have demonstrated some traits and processes of leadership in an organisation. In fact , they are also traits which run in Apple case. Its success story began in 1976, when Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniaks launched their own business, the Apple Computer Company, in Jobs family garage. At that time, he was 21, then by the age of 25 , Jobs obsessed $165 million . The increase of Apples success quickly which put the first landmark in his line of business. (Campbell, 2011) In 1985, he got out of the way of Apple when John Sculley , who came from Pepsi-Cola, had joined.Four years later, Jobs came back with another company, NextStep which achieved far away from the success of Apple but it recalled people that he would go along in his way. Later, he secondly started with his participation in Pixar- the animation company he purchased from the Star War s director, George Lucas. The first success of Pixar is movie Toy Story which lead to its position as one of the key player in Hollywood, then launching movie Finding Nemo. Its success made Jobs a billionaire and prepared for his advent back Apple in 1997.Within one year , the ailing company was once more making huge profits. However, his journey didnt stop at that point. Since the combination of high-speed Internet and the music industry has opened a new segment for getting profit by downloading music . Jobs believe that iTunes is the answer. Additionally, Ipad2 is leader in digital book and tablet segment now. (Campbell, 2011) Steve Jobs is really an effective leader, an important person in development of Apple. In many way , his traits fit in charismatic leadership.Firstly, an ideology is showed clearly, often using labels and slogans, He offered a vivid and positive image of the future. For instance, he used the slogan as well as the iconic logo of the Mac team Pirates Not the Navy to build up Mac team( a group specializes design new products) (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 38). organism pirate, employees should think differently and act as revolution. His goal and passion are perfect products. He concerned about every details of products carefully until it was launched.This is an ideologic image which he and his team follow, becomes a motivation in the all in all company. By articulating an ideological vision and recruiting a number of talents who share the values of the vision, he develops the company. Secondly, he showed clear structure to r severally his goal as well as increases positive values and suggest linkages between expected behaviors from interiors with his vision of the future. For example, he formed the Mac group would never raise more than a hundred people because it was easy to fall into the danger of free flowing of ideas, barriers of communication among employees.He had a plan to guarantee everyone has the same wavelength and the same direction, setting a standard of doing each task for each staff (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 38). He arranged the team to create a whole new prototype of the computer using different chip, the Motorola 68000, which featured a lager memory. Another case, he obligate people do his direction by calling meetings, setting new paths, adding new people into Mac team to move the cursor with some kindhearted of control device . It led to moving the cursors with the mouse , clicking o make collection, dragging a file or icon (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 15). That was the fundamentals of the way we use computers today. Also, he was always finding for something specific from each group to link the quality he wanted. He brought out the creative talent in several people and guided them to work in harmony as well as encouraged open discussion. These characters also fit with labor behaviors of Hersey and Blanchard theory and Task structure of Fielder theory. Becau se both theories are quite similar , they show clear structure and aim to lead employees follow. H In fact, effective leader does not rely on one leadership style to manage company. Transaction leadership style also contain in this case. He has think on achieving the tasks at hand. Jobs has got things done by making, and fulfilling, promises of recognition, and advancement for employees who have performed well. By contrast, employees who do not do good work are penalized. This promise and reward for good performance, or threat and discipline for poor performance. For example, he set up product retreats into the actual work agenda, opening them every three months for the whole growing Mac team.Every member was expected to be deliver. One by one, each team manager for hard ware, soft ware, marketing, sales, finance, PR would present a brief status report and time line , explaining where they were in term of agenda. If their team was falling behind , they would be criticized and give n some suggestions for how they could castigate (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 43). Everybody was free to give suggestions. Besides, he decided that the signatures of the engineering team members would be put on the inside of the case of the first Mac.Its also a introduce or recognition from him to interiors. Another case, achievement- oriented leadership consist with his traits, he was always discovering imperfections in everything , from the design to the marketing and packaging , to how the product would be promoted and sold. He always asked At the first grade level (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 21) . In a story, he had decided early on that the cell phone being developed at Apple would have only a single button but his engineers couldnt carry out , then, he kept demanding in effect The phone will have a single button.Figure it out (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 23). By high demanding, we have iPhone 4 with only a single button today. In addition, he is autocratic decision style because he always gave duty for others and decided quickly. However, he is a relation behaviors and supportive leader. He focused on the slogan We are all in this together by bringing people from different aspects to meet each others in celebrations and to make a cheer work place such as allowing to work free of usual restrictions (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 40).Apple would become known as a company that celebrated just about everything meeting goal, sales growth, new product introduction, new key people. In 1981, Bandley Drive building , a part of the center was a large atrium (Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011, p. 50). It had a piano, video games huge fridge stocked with bottles of fruit juice . It was quickly became a place for the employees to meet and hang out. Finally, his case consist with leader member relations theory. Because of all of his passion and actions , followers have a strong respect and trust to him.Talents would be attracted by talents, that is explanation for Why Apple attracted many genius engineers and developed nowadays. At last but not least, that is the innovation of Steve Jobs in the whole business context. Technologies which he developed and advanced in NextStep and Pixar were applied on Apple Inc. That is really a basic for Apples success . He always plays an important role in making right decision as the statement about leader and manager Leader do the right thing , manager do the thing right. (Bloisi et al. , 2007) Conclusions Steve Jobs is criticized as an effective leader in the world.His famous and the well known of Apple remain together and will keep an important position in world trade. He is a part of success of Apple Inc and a leader in significant decision of development of his company. Understanding Apple Inc case and its market as well as an important leader- Steve Jobs will make us be aware of some traits of leadership in many theories deeply. His leadership style are Task behaviors of Hersey and Blanchard theory and Task structure of Fielder theory, Charismatic leadership and Transaction leadership as well as Relation behaviors and Supportive leader.So that, it is actualization that an successful leader always exists different leadership styles. Leaders always change their leadership style flexibility which is suitable for each task and each circumstance. Recommendations A part of the success of Apple based on Steve Jobs but it is dangerous if lack of this key leader. Besides, Job also shows that he is impatient person. So, it is considered staidly that Apple should give structure and motivation for employees as well as the whole company clearly and make it become tradition.Also, it is necessary to improve study such as improving workplace conditions in China and invest more in charity segment as Microsoft. It is useful to promote Apples image. References Bloisi, W. , W. Cook, C. L. Hunsaker, P. , 2007. Leadership. In K. Reade, ed. Management and Organisational Behaviour. 2nd ed. tonic York Mc Graw Hill Education. pp. 652- 672. Businessweek, B. , 2011. Boomberg. Online Available at http//www. businessweek. com/news/2010-10-06/htc-posts-record-revenue-profit-on-android-phones. hypertext markup language Accessed 4 May 2011. Campbell, D. , 2011. Guardian. Online Available at http//arts. uardian. co. uk/features/story/0,11710,1241745,00. html Accessed 4 May 2011. Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way iLeadership for a New Generation. New York Vanguard Press. p. 38. Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way iLeadership for a New Generation. New York Vanguard Press. p. 21. Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way iLeadership for a New Generation. New York Vanguard Press. p. 23. Elliot, Jay L. Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way iLeadership for a New Generation. New York Vanguard Press. p. 40. Elliot, Jay L.Simon,William, 2011. In The Steve Jobs Way iLeadership for a New Generation. New York Vanguard Press. p. 50. HP, 2011. HP Coporate information. Online Available at http//www8. hp. com/us/en/hp-information/facts. html Accessed 4 May 2011. Inc, A. , 2011. Apple Inc. Online Available at http//www. apple. com/investor/ Accessed 4 May 2011. Magazine, F. , 2011. Money. cnn. Online Available at http//money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/industries/7. html Accessed 4 May 2011. Roger Entner, S. V. P. R. a. I. T. P. , 2011. nielsewire. Online Available at

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Duty of care Essay

1.1Duty of care means to provide care and support to individuals inside the law and also within the policies, procedures and agreed ways to work. It is about keeping the service users independence, to support and enable them to live within an environment free from prejudice and safe from abuse. Everyone is entitled to their take opinions, choices and we should respect that at all times while promoting them as an individual.1.2By working within standards set out and within our own capacity we testament prevent harm from occurring to ourselves, others and the individual. By giving an individual choice and respecting their views/wishes they know that their independence has not been taken from them, giving them more confidence if an issue of safeguarding etc. were to arise.To understand and be able to pass on the procedures in place if we are suspicious or aware of abuse, an individual being endangered or poor work practice by another carer or agency. Reporting, recording are the step s needed to ensure that any form of safeguarding or fortress issues are dealt with immediately and correctly.2.1While working in care, the aim is to give the best possible standard of care to service users, unless sometimes at that place can be a conflict beetween the individuals or their familys wishes and rights and the duty of care. In this case the most important thing is to go under whether the person is aware of the risks and consequences of the decision and has the capacity to make the decision. Before taking best interest decisions I have to make sure that the person in spades lacks the capacity. The person or their next of kin has an overall right and responsibility in decision making for issues relating their care, and I need their consent to deal with trusted issues. When a dilemma arises, my responsibility is to support individuals or their families to make informed choices. Even if I disagree with their decision, I can only give advice but can not force them.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Effects of Globalization on Japan and China Essay

In this paper I will be looking at china and Japan two precise different examples of native non- westerly acculturations that have been equaled by western assimilation very differently. Globalization can be described as the increasing interplay of cultures brought closer together. The impact of globalization on indigenous cultures can be seen negatively and positively with varying outcomes. Globalization has increased opportunities for indigenous people, its too impeded their index to keep their heathenish practices and knowledge. In many cases, indigenous peoples views have been displaced by western views by becoming increasingly materialistic and individualized, determine that be associated with western culture. non everything is negative though, the integration offered by western technology has brought, better access to programs and services, reduced isolation, created employment, ability to preserve and share their cultural heritage and conventional languages.Greater contact and ongoing interactions impact indigenous cultures. Globalization constitutes an unprecedented threat to the autonomy of Indigenous cultures, and gives an unprecedented luck for Indigenous potency (Smith, Burke & Ward, 2000, p. 21) Globalization brings unavoidable change to indigenous people and their cultures. Globalization can goes back for hundreds of years with trade between countries. oer the years, areas of travel, knowledge, immigration and goods have grown. Two examples of event driven non-western cultures being changed by globalization are the counties of china and Japan.In the 1970s an American fast foods eating house opened in Japan representing American culture. It started a westernization shift in the Japanese. Traditional culture focused on traditional rituals, foods and family heritage. Before the event of American fast food restaurants like MacDonald began in Japan, the traditionally bento box is food in a small box preparedfor school aged children. Not just a boxed lunch, the bento box lunch was a token of home, and more importantly of mom. Making elaborate, creative boxed lunch measured a womans dedication to being a mother. The lunches, could be time and labor intensive to make every morning. Tips for making them were the conversation among moms, and whole magazines were devoted to the topic.Entire industries rotate around selling the foods and gadgets use to make them. The bento box lunch represented that the role of any Japanese citizen is to be carried out with precision and dedication. The lunch also represents that moms were responsible for a healthy lunch and the childs responsibility is learning. Since the introduction of fast food meals and a American diet, interest in traditional bento box lunch has faded greatly. The increasing consumption of fast food has caused lots of changes in Japanese culture, obesity rates are up to around 10 percent, the Japanese didnt traditionally eat red meat very much before the change, J apan currently has the largest number of McDonalds outside the United States and American style prepared lunches are a staple now.To show that globalization is a continual process,what had been a very tradition teenage way of flavor of school uniforms and reserved and respectful traditional dress has changed with more recent popular American hip-hop culture influence is a example of how move globalization is changing non-Western cultures. Japanese Hip-Hop is a developing popular subculture from New York to Tokyo teenagers wearing the same kinds of fashions hats, baggy pants, and sneakers. separate of Tokyo are much like New York, with trendy nightclubs, bars, restaurants and hotels, catering to hip-hop culture. This new developing sub- culture is gaining acceptance in the wider Japanese society.Chinas first instance of Chinese internationalism was during the Han Dynasty in 125 BC. At the start of the Han Dynasty, the Huns were attacking the frontiers of the Han, Emperor Wu needed an alliance, Emperor Wu looked to the West to relieve oneself economic and cultural connections, there were few trade routes between China and Europe. The most famous route is the central land route or the Silk Road, a network of roads from northwest China to the ports of Syria and the Black Sea. The Silk Road allowed Chinese emperorsdominance over Central Asia by developing their resources and providing new markets for the export of Chinas resources. Before this trans-formative event China had little wealth and very few other markets available to their goods especially silk, they were very isolated. After the event the Chinese emperors had increased wealth and power both with trade and security that it brought. This event brought very little cultural contact with western cultures to the everyday Chinese but it was the beginning of a long period of western globalization that continues today in to China.Another opportunity for the Chinese to be exposed to western culture was in 1915 . Japan issued demands against China with the goal to conquer them, the demands placed on the Chinese were humiliating and degrading, reducing China to a protectorate of Japan. China dour to Britain to help them, the British spoke up for China to prevent total capitulation. Japans was determination to dominate East Asia is the basis for future Japanese/ Chinese transaction and western influence growing in China until World War 2. During the following wars and various military conflicts the Chinese regularly turned to their military ally in the west and exposed more of their culture to western influence and values. Within China this reliance was seen as a weakness by monoamine oxidase the leader or the revolution and currently in power, who had been heavily influenced by Marxist ideas from Russia.Many cultural practices before the Chinese revolution event were very common traditional festivals being celebrated, Buddhist prayer to ancient artifacts and ancestors, traditional music l ike Han folk music, traditional art and designs. Mainly seen in the bucolic farm areas and villages where traditional culture is more prominent. As a result after World War 2 the Chinese Communist Party and monoamine oxidase Zedong gained power and believed a Marxist social revolution would be the cure for Chinas problems. His radical beliefs extended to the issues of Values, Language forcing a country of many languages to speak mandarin, spirituality changed promoting atheism and turning against Buddhism defacing ancient artifacts, Literature was only pro communist propaganda, Music turned to revolution-themed songs, the practice of traditional martial arts was discouraged, Fashion changed to monoamine oxidase suits for men and women and profound changes in society with property seizures and purges, Women rights changes by legalizing divorce, abolishing arrangedmarriage, and the termination of foot binding. These are just some of the changes that resulted directly and indirectly from the influences and pass of western globalization on china and its leaders.Currently in China, many cities have embraced western globalization, Its seen by western style turn over scrapers, chain hotels, and American restaurant chains. China mainly functioned on traditional culture and respect for heritage but that is changing in modern times. A cultural heritage rich with festivals, holidays, foods, traditional clothing and music. The youths of society are educated and encouraged to be part of in their traditions and culture but also to be modern. This desire to be modern and stylish, driven mostly by television, internet, popular movie and music icons. Clothing worn by young Chinese is almost the same as those worn by high school/college age Americans. The popular Hair styles, shoes and makeup trends are just some of the signs of current westernization in China. The rural areas are slower to accept western style changes and are more traditional although cell phones and inte rnet access are now widely available. There was no single event that started the globalization movement in modern China, most all things western are seen as modern and stylish for most of the populace. Chinese culture has adapted, accepting many western styles, products and values.ReferencesSmith, C., Burke, H., & Ward, G.K. (2000). Globalization and Indigenous peoples Threat or empowerment? In C. Smith & G. K. Ward (Eds.),Indigenous Culture in an interconnected world. Vancouver University of British Columbia (UBC) Press

Friday, May 24, 2019

Recruitment and Selection Strategies Essay

Over the past five weeks, work was completed on an employwork forcet compliance plan, compensation, and benefits strategies plan, performance management strategies suggested, talk over given on training plans, and this week, we allow for provide testimonials on recruitment and selection strategies.Within these suggested strategies, the importance of implementing the following pull up stakes be highlighted, the remnants for Bollman Hotels, anticipated demographic changes, depth psychology of projected workforce withdraws, objectives of workforce diversity, branding of the organization, methods for recruiting, screening, and selecting candidates. Organizational Goals Bollman Hotels has net revenue of $100,000,000 with a 15% growth expected within the first year.A workforce of 25,000 employees with plans to increase by 20% with the expansion to India and the current employee turnover is 5%. Based on this information and the stage of their business development, they will need to ent er the Indian market fiercely, but with as little interruption to the tourism industry as possible. Therefore, Bollman will have to be competitive and take a crap a premier hotel chain that will lure international travelers detectking the exotic, heterogeneous, and lavish experience by fliping elitism while on business or pleasure (Incredible India, n. . ). It is recommended that the goal of Bollman Hotels in India is to open and operate at a five star deluxe status and be competitive with hotels much(prenominal) as Taj Falaknuma Palace, ITC Hotel Kakatiya, Park Hyatt, Hderabad, and The Ashok, just, to name a few (Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, 2013). Therefore, Bollman Hotels will be a premier chain while aligning itself with the Government of Indias tourism and hotel requirements (Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, 2013). Forecasted Demographic ChangesBollman Hotels entrance into the Indian market excessively means a shift in the demographics. Affluent inter national clients tour Bollman hotels will bring notoriety to the region that they be located resulting in an economic boost. A thriving emerging parsimoniousness means Indian Nationals (both men and women) experience a socio-economic change with an increase in contemplates and income in that region. Additionally, with the increase in birthrates, the candidate pool has increased and Bollman will facilitate to provide these closely need jobs (Chua, 2012).Five-Year Workforce Plan Based on the organizational goals and demographic changes, it is recommended that Bollman adopt a three-step plan to analyze its present workforce. This will help to advert the needs over the next five years (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ). First step includes a supply synopsis evaluating current resources and includes the tally of persons performing specific job functions in Minnesota, how many ar supervised by one person and is it sufficient.What is the current pay rate in Minnesota and what will work silk hat in India and what are the areas that contribute the most to the current 5% turnover rate and what will decrease it (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ). Second step recommended is a demand analysis that will evaluate the future needs of Bollman Hotels. This analysis will determine the jobs necessary for optimum service, the jobs that can be combined or eliminated, the possible technological changes to operate best and the areas that can be performed more economically and effectively (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ).The final recommended step is a gap analysis that will identify a projected need that has not been met or an excess. This is done by comparing the supply and demand results. Based on the results received from the gap analysis, solutions such as additional training, increased staff, and more efficient recruitment and hiring accomplishes can be done over the next five years (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ). Workforce innovation Objectives form is the variations that exist in an organizations ground on age, gender, educational background, ethnic groups, enculturation, and working customs (Lai, 2013).Workforce diversity helps to manage the change that has taken place in the workforce from a manufacturing to a service industry that Bollman Hotels provides (Cascio, 2013). Second, market globalization is another factor and with Bollmans move into an international market, it is authorized that they understand their inner(a) market its customers to operate best (Cascio, 2013). Third, many businesses are requiring increased teamwork (Cascio, 2013). Bollman has experience with this demand in Minnesota with peak operating seasons and have had to increase the number of military group that work at once.The same will apply in India. Fourth, at that place are increased mergers and strategic international alliances (Cascio, 2013) and with Bollmans international move, there will be a difference in the corporate culture. Therefore, it is recommended that diversity training is provided. Finally, India is an evolving economy and with an expected increase in diverse workers such as women it is imperative that Bollman Hotel workers understand that the aim is to provide quality service to everyone (Cascio, 2013). Organizational BrandingOrganizational branding is essential at this point of the recommendations to Bollman Hotels. With a goal to be known as a five start deluxe hotel, it is important to put the name Bollman Hotels in the Indian market and among the local areas in the United States and Europe known for international business travel. It is recommended that this is done through traditional advertisements in local papers in the language of severally verdant and most important and relevant to these recommendations, through hiring diverse employees (Cascio, 2013).This will ensure that Bollman is known to help create a boost in the Indian economy and the demographics as previously mentioned, hence, causing more word-of-mouth marketing internationally. Also, the service standards and five star statuses will also be something to rave about. Methods for Screening Candidates It is important that Bollman Hotels has a process for screening candidates therefore, recommendations will be made for interview methods, visitationing procedures, and interview process considerations, all of which will cover the screening process. query MethodsEmployment interviews allow organizations to have an idea of the skills and personality traits that a candidate possesses (Cascio, 2013). It is therefore recommended that Bollman Hotels interview team have interview questions built on-the-job analysis done. Create general questions for all candidates, use thorough rating scales with descriptions of desired behaviors as scale points and recording notes focused on the behavior of the candidate. It is also recommended that several(prenominal)(prenominal) interviewers are used with a diverse number of them and that v ast training is provided on how to conduct interviews.Interviewers are also encouraged to wait until all interviews are complete prior to discussing any candidates and finally, use statistical information and overall views of the candidates to decide (Cascio, 2013). Interview Process Considerations To ensure that the interview is a fair process, it is recommended that the ornament focuses on-the-job competencies, assess resumes and applications by concentrating on specifics in line with the job requirements. Consider things that identifies if a candidate meets the requirements and skills that they possess from precious employment that are relevant (Cascio, 2013).Use open-ended questions to stimulate elaboration on topics and use questionnaires that will highlight how well someone will perform and overall fit. It is also recommended that scenario compositors case questions are used as this will give an idea of how they will handle specific situations (Cascio, 2013). Finally, given this is a US company going into India, it is recommended that interviews are done in relaxed environments. This will allow candidate to be more open and relaxed with their responses also giving the interviewer a chance to note both verbal and non-verbal responses (Cascio, 2013).Testing Procedures Employment rivuleting is necessary for Bollman hotels, not only based on the location, but also to protect them and to ensure they are hiring suitable employees. The tests recommended are work-sample tests, leaderless-group discussions, personality measures, and righteousness test. Bollman Hotels goal in India is to be a premier chain hence, service delivery is important. So, job fit is important and an integrity test will help to outline the attitudes of prospects toward stealing, dishonest behavior, violence, and drug abuse. This it done through overt integrity test clear purpose esting and personality-based measures disguised -purpose test (Cascio, 2013). Employees will have access to guest rooms and information, so ensuring that Bollman has an idea of their tendencies, could help with selection. Another testing method is the work-sample tests used to analyze an applicants ability to perform a job task (Casco, 2013). Placing an employee in a hotel room or situation based on the job they applied for will show the interviewer if he or she can perform this task, such as spreading a bed according to Bollman Hotel standards for example.Leaderless-group discussion is another method and entails placing several candidates at a round table and giving them a job related topic to discuss. Each person will naturally approach this based on his or her abilities and personalities. This is recommended for Bollman as it will help to determine persons suitable for supervisory roles or otherwise. Finally, the personality measure test is recommended as it will help to identify personality characteristics such as neuroticism that is the level at which an individual is insecure, an xious emotional or calm, and self-confident.Extroversion looks at how an individual is gregarious, assertive, and sociable. receptiveness to experience looks at how an individual is cooperative, and warm, and conscientiousness looks at how hardworking, organized, and dependable someone is (Cascio, 2013). Personality measure is recommended because it will give an idea of persons most suited for jobs where they will interact with guest the least or the most based on their personalities. Methods for Selecting Candidates The candidates chosen for the jobs at Bollman Hotels in India will have to be in tuned with the culture of prestige and superb customer service.To do this, it is recommended that all the persons involved in the interview process are gathers and each will give their thoughts on each candidate and narrow the candidate pool. The process can be repeated until the desired number of employees has been reached (McNamara, n. d. ). The interview results and subsequent selection s can be coupled with test results to make decisions as well. Job Offer The job offer is another important step in the employment process. The following are recommended when presenting the job offer to a successful candidate.Prepare a letter stating how thrilled the company is to offer them the job, outline the exact compensation offered, and outline the benefits him or her is entitled to. The letter should have a signature line for them to indicate their acceptance of the job within a specified time and the contact information for the Bollman Hotels personnel office if the need arises (McNamara, n. d. ). A three month probation period is recommended in addition to orientation for one week and on-the-job training for four weeks.This should also be outlined in the letter in addition to a copy of the job description (McNamara, n. d. ). Impact of Organizational Diversity on Organizations Diversity caused organizations to grow and operate more efficiently in global markets as they unde rstand the need to relate to their customers. This also creates a competitive advantage when customers see an active effort to embrace diversity. Diversity also effects an organization by building brand equity for companies that choose to invest in multicultural advertising.They become known globally (Cascio, 2013). Organizations are also seeing that diverse employees need to be embraced to retain productive talent. Corporate image is also a factor and is increased as organizations known to employ diverse employees are more attractive to job seekers and companies seeing alliances (Cascio, 2013). It is recommended that Bollman capitalizes on the impacts of diversity as they are entering into a diverse and global market-place. Laws to Consider for Recruitment SelectionIt is important that Bollman Hotels remembers that employee and future employees have specific rights under specific laws. Consent is needed for background checks to be done on applicants, and this is covered under the F air Credit Report Act and is necessary for checks done by a three party. Also, if references are provided on an applicant, they have the right to petition to see this reference under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (Cascio, 2013). Conclusion In this final recommendation prepared for Bollman Hotels, the following were effectively addressed.The organizational goals, forecasted demographic changes, five-year workforce plan, workforce diversity objectives, organizational branding, methods for screening candidates using highlighting the interview methods, interview process considerations and testing procedures. Recommendations were also made for methods for selecting candidates, the job offer, impact of organizational diversity on organizations and recruitment selection laws to consider.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Roe V. Wade Summary

roe v. Wade, 410 U. S. 113 (1973) Facts Texas had passed a law that made it illegal for women who were expecting to have an abortion, unless, pursuant to medical advice, given to exempt the life of the mother. Jane Roe was an unmarried, pregnant woman. She was unable to get a lawful abortion in Texas because her life was not endangered by going through with(predicate) with her pregnancy. A law existed in Georgia at that time also and was heard as a case relating to it. IssueWhether or not a pregnant woman has a constitutional right to terminate the pregnancy of her baby by means of abortion. The issue also involves whether or not it is in the state of Texas interests to preserve the life of the child and or mother, as well to establish under what conditions a medical abortion is allowed. Decision and Reasoning The Roe v. Wade last stated that a woman, with her doctor, could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy, and with restrictions in later months, based on the right t o privacy.Roe v. Wade was contumacious primarily due to the Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Courts decision in this case was that the Ninth Amendment protected a womans (persons) right to privacy. Critical analysis The Supreme Court case I have discussed above of 1973 is one I believe may be overturned in the future. Although it has relevance to the ordinal amendment as I have previous stated, there are a lot of people today that seem to disagree with the courts decision.After education this case brief I still hold my opinion of being, pro-choice. Having not made abortion completely illegal, while setting restrictions on it, was a saucy thing to do, taken into effect the setting of this case. The Supreme Court not only compared its decision to the ninth amendment but also to the case related to it from Georgia. The decision of the case I have discussed held to be an appropriate one setting limitations on abortion will still allowing it for under the stip ulations set forth by the Supreme Court.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Metapath’s capital structure Essay

Questions1. Analyze Metapaths capital structure, in particular the various forms and bells of preferred transmit from the previous rounds of financing. How has this capital structure affected the scissure from Robertson & Stephens? How would RSCs fighting(a) preferred interact with the some other tranches of preferred stock?Up to the date in issue, Metapath has raised $9m in four rounds of financing, of which two occurred simultaneously in the beginning. The two participating investors, Bessemer and STI, which supplied the initial funds, determined redeemable preferred for the total amount of $1.6m, the trinity and fourth rounds brought in $1m and $7m respectively (in twain cases preferred convertible were issued), with the calculated price for common being the same for the first three rounds ($1.05) and higher ($1.62) for the fourth round. In case of non-conversion, the last issue was divinatory to be paid out first, then the last but one, fin every(prenominal)y, the first two issues, on a pro rata basis.All of the issues had demand registration rights provision, however, the third and the fourth issues, had more leeway in the exercising of the rights (not only on request of 50%+ of all the issues, but also after-IPO or specific date (July 31, 1999), whichever is earlier), thus protecting the interests of the holders. That said, in fact the holders of the two first issues in many respects enjoyed the fix of debt holders, with a scheduled payment of principal and dividends.Given the structure and the fact the managers hadnt invested from their own pockets, RSC suggested investment in participating convertible preferred sh ares supposed to protect RSC from manageable early sale, which would enrich the management disproportionally and leave RSC abused. Through PCPT, RSC would be able to keep both liquidation preference (with the right to receive the first payment in the amount of invested capital and accrued, not unpaid dividend (8%), before any other security holders receive their part) and equity participation along with other investors (after payment of similar to its own liquidation preference), thus, staying in a highly beneficial position.2. How do you analyze the RSC offer? In particular, what is the order of theparticipating preferred feature of the RSC syndicate? What are the risks to the Metapath shareholders if the board accepts the RSC offer? Even though the company has only projected its activity one quarter forward, is it possible to assess the reasonableness of the valuation? (The ten-year treasury rate in September 1997 was 6.21%).To esteem the participating feature, first, calculate the plectrons values for $11.75% and $87.75 million exercise prices. For calculation, assume ten-year option price 40% volatility (corresponding to the middle stock volatility range 20-40%) abovementioned exercise prices ($11.75% and $87.75 million) valuation of $87.75 million is reflective of a true asset value interest rate of 6 .21% (as suggested). Apply Black-Scholes model to receive prices of $81.44 and $49.44 million for the two strikes respectively. For $11.75 is 13.4% of post-money $87.75, the price of the issue is $10.91 and $6.62 million respectively hence, the participation features value is c. $4.29 million. Therefore, the corresponding share of the company, which makes choice irrelevant is $81.44*0.134/$49.44=22%, that is concession of 22% of the company without the participation feature will make Series E holders evenly happy, the corresponding price is 0.134/0.22*$6=$3.65 per share.Acceptance by the board of the RSCs offer will put Metapath shareholders will add a new senior holder to claim the proceeds, both in case of early liquidation and in case of successful exist. This offer will reduce shareholders wealth not only by capital dilution, but also by the absolute amount of investments of Series E holders even in the case of future success. With interdict earnings and absence of predictabl e cash flows, one can do the rough check on the basis of P/Sales ratio (given both companies (Metapath and Celltech) similar capital structure, the proxy seems reasonable).With the last quarterly figures as of June 1997, when numbers were available for both Celltech and Metapath, and considering the market cap of Celltech of approximately 260 million, the valuation of around one hundred thirty million could be used, which means the company might be worth more. The projections per se, however, dont tell the story as the two segments (system sales and services) are expected to demonstrate different dynamics, so further investigation is needed. A cautionary note on Black-Scholes model application should be made3. Is the Celltech offer reasonable? How should the Metapath board view the Celltech stock? What are the risks for the Metapath shareholders if the board accepts the Celltech offer? While the Celltechs offers seems to be more reasonable in terms of price offered, the shareholder s whitethorn face additional risks, including the risk of Celltechs stock price.While possible liquidity within near future (90 days plus other possible restrictions, which is considerably less than its own IPO in 1+ years) as well as lack of dilution appealed to the managers, the fluctuation in the price of Celltech may wipeout the fortune (the stock had only a short history and the view of insiders doesnt seem to strongly support Celltech). Furthermore, the fit of the Metapath and Celltechs businesses is questionable, with Metapath latent possibly higher than that of Celltech, which on the other hand may have a limited upside.4. If you were on the Metapath board, which option would you support?While the offer of RSC is repressing in many ways, it is more attractive for a team that will manage to perform. With a set of potential liquidity and financial risk questions, which may arise from Celltechs financing, Metapath board should not only consider the price, but also other term s (which eventually will incentivize the management in the semipermanent success and keep its interest in business). With this in mind Metapath board will be better off with the RSCs proposal, rather than Celltechs.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Two

Elena was surrounded the instant she stepped into the high school parking lot. Everyone was there, the whole crowd she hadnt chancen since late June, plus four or 5 hangers-on who hoped to gain popularity by association. One by one she accepted the welcoming hugs of her own group.Caroline had grown at least an inch and was slinkier and much deal aVogue model than ever so. She greeted Elena coolly and stepped back again with her green eyes narrowed handle a cats. fairish hadnt grown at altogether, and her curly red crack barely came up to Elenas chin as she flung her arms around Elena. Wait a minute-curls? thought Elena. She pushed the smaller misfire back.Bonnie What did you do to your sensory hair?Do you like it? I think it makes me look taller. Bonnie fluffed up the al piss fluffy bangs and smiled, her brown eyes sparkling with excitement, her little heart-shaped face alight.Elena move on. Meredith. You havent changed at all. This hug was equally warm on both sides. She had missed Meredith more than anyone, Elena thought, face at the tall daughter. Meredith neer wore any makeup however then(prenominal), with perfect olive skin and heavy black lashes, she didnt need any. Right now she had one elegant eyebrow raised as she studied Elena.Well, your hair is two shades lighter from the sun plainly wheres your tan? I thought you were living it up on the French Riviera.You realize I never tan. Elena held up her hands for her own inspection. The skin was flawless, like porcelain, scarce almost as fair and translucent as Bonnies.Just a minute that re sees me, Bonnie interjected, snatching one of Elenas hands. Guess what I learned from my cousin this summer? Before anyone could speak, she informed them triumphantly Palm readingThere were groans, and some laughter.Laugh patch you can, tell Bonnie, not at all disturbed. My cousin told me Im psychic. Now, let me see She peered into Elenas palm.Hurry up or were breathing push through to be late, ve rbalize Elena a eccentric impatiently.All right, all right. Now, this is your animation line-or is it your heart line? In the crowd, mortal snickered. Quiet Im reaching into the void. I see I see All at once, Bonnies face went blank, as if she were startled. Her brown eyes widened, but she no longer seemed to be staring at Elenas hand. It was as if she were lookingthrough it-at something frightening.You will meet a tall, semi mordant stranger, Meredith murmured from butt joint her. There was a flurry of giggles.Dark, yes, and a stranger but not tall. Bonnies vocalisation was hushed and faraway.Although, she continued after a moment, looking puzzled, he was tall, once. Her wide brown eyes lifted to Elenas in bewilderment. But thats impossible isnt it? She dropped Elenas hand, almost flinging it away. I dont insufficiency to see any more.Okay, shows everyplace. Lets go, Elena told the others, vaguely irritated. Shed always mat psychic tricks were just that-tricks. So why was she annoyed? Just because that morning shed almost freaked out herselfThe girls started toward the school building, but the roar of a finely tuned beat back stopped them all in their tracks.Well, now, Caroline said, staring. Quite a car.Quite a Porsche, Meredith corrected dryly.The sleek black 911 Turbo purred through the parking lot, searching for a space, moving as lazily as a panther stalking prey.When the car came to a stop, the door opened, and they glimpsed the driver. Oh, my God, Caroline whispered.You can say that again, breathed Bonnie.From where she stood, Elena could see he had a lean, flat-muscled body. Faded jeans he probably had to peel off at night, tight T-shirt, and a leather poll of unusual cut. His hair was wavy-and dark.He wasnt tall, though. Just average height.Elena let out her breath.Whois that masked man? said Meredith. And the remark was apt-dark sun furnish completely covered the male childs eyes, shielding his face like a mask.That maskedstranger , som eone else said, and a babble of voices rose up.Do you see that jacket? Thats Italian, as in Roma.How would you know? Youve never been farther than Rome, New York, in your lifeUh-oh. Elenas got that look again. The hunting look.Short-Dark-and-Handsome had break in be careful.He isnt short hes perfectThrough the gossip, Carolines voice suddenly rang out. Oh, come on, Elena. Youve already got Matt. What more do you want? What can you do with two that you cant do with one?The same thing-solely longer, drawled Meredith, and the group dissolved into laughter.The boy had locked his car and was walking toward school. Casually, Elena started after him, the other girls right behind her in a close-knit pack. For an instant, annoyance bubbled up inside her. Couldnt she goanywhere without a parade on her heels? But Meredith caught her eye, and she smiled in spite of herself.Noblesse oblige, Meredith said frailly.What?If youre going to be queen of the school, you have to put up with the conseq uences.Elena frowned at this as they entered the building. A long corridor stretched before them, and a figure in jeans and leather jacket was disappearing through the office doorway up ahead. Elena slowed her pace as she walked up to the office, finally stopping to glance thoughtfully at the messages on the bobber bulletin board by the door. There was a large window here, through which the entire office was visible.The other girls were openly gazing through the window, and giggling. Nice rachis view. That isdefinitely an Armani jacket. You think hes from out of state?Elena was straining her ears for the boys name. There seemed to be some kind of trouble in there Mrs. Clarke, the admissions secretary, was looking at a refer and shaking her head. The boy said something, and Mrs. Clarke lifted her hands in a What can I say? gesture. She ran a finger down the list and shake her head again, conclusively. The boy started to turn away, then rancid back. And when Mrs. Clarke looked up a t him, her expression changed.The boys sun furnish were now in his hand. Mrs. Clarke seemed startled by something Elena could see her blink of an eye some(prenominal) times. Her lips opened and closed as if she were trying to speak.Elena wished she could see more than the back of the boys head. Mrs. Clarke was fumbling through piles of paper now, looking dazed. At furthermost she found a form of some kind and wrote on it, then turned it around and pushed it toward the boy.The boy wrote briefly on the form-signing it, probably-and returned it. Mrs. Clarke stared at it a second, then fumbled through a new pile of papers, finally handing what looked like a class schedule to him. Her eyes never left wing the boy as he took it, inclined his head in thanks, and turned to the door.Elena was wild with curiosity by now. What had just happened in there? And what did this strangers face look like? But as he emerged from the office, he was settling his sunglasses in place again. Disappoint ment coursed through her.Still, she could see the rest of his face as he paused in the doorway. The dark curly hair framed features so fine that they might have been taken from an old Roman coin or medallion. High cheekbones, classical neat nose and a mouth to keep you awake at night, Elena thought. The upper lip was beautifully sculpted, a little sensitive, a whole lot sensual. The chatter of the girls in the hallway had stopped as if someone had thrown a switch.Most of them were turning away from the boy now, looking anywhere but at him. Elena held her place by the window and gave a little toss to her head, pulling the ribbon out of her hair so that it fell loose around her shoulders.Without looking to either side, the boy moved on down the hallway. A chorus of sighs and whispers flared up the moment he was out of earshot.Elena didnt hear any of it.Hed walked right by her, she thought, dazed. Right by without a glance.Dimly, she established the bell was ringing. Meredith was tug ging her arm.What?I said heres your schedule. Weve got trig on the second floor right now. Come onElena allowed Meredith to motivate her down the corridor, up a flight of stairs, and into a classway. She slid into an empty seat automatically and fixed her eyes on the instructor at the front without really seeing her. The shock still hadnt worn off.Hed walked right by. Without a glance. She couldnt remember how long it had been since a boy had done that. They all looked, at least. close to whistled. Some stopped to talk. Some just stared.And that had always been fine with Elena. After all, what was more important than boys? They were the mark of how popular you were, of how beautiful you were. And they could be useful for all sorts of things. sometimes they were exciting, but usually that didnt last long. Sometimes they were creeps from the beginning.Most boys, Elena reflected, were like puppies. Adorable in their place, but expendable. A very few could be more than that, could be come real friends. Like Matt.Oh, Matt. Last year shed hoped that he was the one she was looking for, the boy who could make her feel well, something more. More than the rush of triumph at making a conquest, the pride in showing your new acquisition off to the other girls. And shehad come to feel a strong affection for Matt. But over the summer, when shed had time to think, shed realized it was the affection of a cousin or sister.Ms. Halpern was passing out trigonometry nurses. Elena took hers mechanically and wrote her name inside, still wrapped in thought.She liked Matt more than any other boy shed known. And that was why she was going to have to tell him it was over.She hadnt known how to tell him in a letter. She didnt know how to tell him now. It wasnt that she was afraid hed kick up a fuss he just wouldnt understand. She didnt really understand herself.It was as if she were always reaching for something. Only, when she thought shed got it, it wasnt there. non with Matt, not w ith any of the boys shed had.And then she had to start all over again. Fortunately, there was always fresh material. No boy had ever resisted her successfully, and no boy had ever ignored her. Until now.Until now. Remembering that moment in the hall, Elena found that her fingers were clenched on the pen she held. She still couldnt believe hed brushed by her that way.The bell rang and everyone flooded out of the classroom, but Elena paused in the doorway. She bit her lip, scanning the river of students flowing through the hall. Then she spotted one of the hangers-on from the parking lot.Frances Come here.Frances came eagerly, her plain face brightening.Listen, Frances, you remember that boy this morning?With the Porsche and the-er-assets? How could I forget?Well, I want his class schedule. Get it from the office if you can, or copy it from him if you have to. But do itFrances looked surprised for a moment, then grinned and nodded. Okay, Elena. Ill try. Ill meet you at lunch if I can get it.Thanks. Elena watched the girl go. You know, you really are crazy, Merediths voice said in her ear.Whats the use of being queen of the school if you cant pull a little rank sometimes? returned Elena calmly. Where do I go now?General Business. Here, take it yourself. Meredith thrust a schedule at her. Ive got to run for chemistry. LaterGeneral Business and the rest of the morning passed in a blur. Elena had hoped to catch another glimpse of the new student, but he was in none of her classes. Mattwas in one, and she felt a pang as his blue eyes met hers with a smile.At the lunch bell, she nodded greetings right and left as she walked to the cafeteria. Caroline was outside, posed casually against a wall with chin up, shoulders back, hips forward. The two boys she was talking to fell silent and nudged each other as Elena approached.Hi, Elena said briefly to the boys and to Caroline Ready to go in and eat?Carolines green eyes barely flickered toward Elena, and she pushed glossy a uburn hair out of her face. What, at theroyal defer ? she said.Elena was taken aback. She and Caroline had been friends since kindergarten, and they had always competed with each other good-naturedly. But lately something had happened to Caroline. Shed begun to take the rivalry more and more seriously. And now Elena was surprised at the resentment in the other girls voice.Well, its hardly as if you were a commoner, she said lightly.Oh, youre so right round that, said Caroline, turning to face Elena fully. Those green cat-eyes were slitted and smoky, and Elena was shocked by the hostility she saw there. The two boys smiled uneasily and edged away.Caroline didnt seem to notice. A lot of things changed while you were gone this summer, Elena, she continued. And just maybe your time on the throne is running out.Elena had flushed she could feel it. She struggled to keep her voice steady. Maybe, she said. But I wouldnt buy a scepter just yet if I were you, Caroline. She turned and went into the lunchroom.It was a relief to see Meredith and Bonnie, and Frances beside them. Elena felt her cheeks cool as she selected her lunch and went to join them. She wouldnt let Caroline upset her she wouldnt think of Caroline at all.I got it, said Frances, waving a piece of paper as Elena sat down.And I have some good stuff, said Bonnie importantly. Elena, listen to this. Hes in my biology class, and I sit right across from him. And his name is Stefan, Stefan Salvatore, and hes from Italy, and hes boarding with old Mrs. Flowers on the edge of town. She sighed. He isso romantic. Caroline dropped her books, and he picked them up for her.Elena make a wry face. How clumsy of Caroline. What else happened? Well, thats all. He didnt really talk to her. Hes ver-r-ry mysterious, you see. Mrs. Endicott, my biology teacher, tried to get him to take off his glasses, but he wouldnt. He has a medical condition.What kind of medical condition?I dont know. Maybe its terminal and his days are numb ered. Wouldnt that be romantic?Oh, very, said Meredith.Elena was looking over Francess winding-sheet of paper, biting her lip. Hes in my s even soth period, History of Europe. Anybody else have that class?I do, said Bonnie. And I think Caroline does, too. Oh, and maybe Matt he said something yesterday about how it was just his luck, getting Mr. Tanner.Marvelous, Elena thought, picking up a fork and stabbing at her mashed potatoes. It looked as if seventh period was going to beextremely interesting.Stefan was radiant the school day was almost over. He wanted to get out of these crowded rooms and corridors, just for a few minutes.So many minds. The crush of so many thought patterns, so many mental voices surrounding him, was making him dizzy. It had been years since he had been in a swarm of people like this.One mind in particular stood out from the others. She had been among those watching him in the main corridor of the school building. He didnt know what she looked like, but her personality was powerful. He felt sure hed recognize it again.So far, at least, hed survived the first day of the masquerade. Hed used the Powers only twice, and then sparingly. But he was tired, and, he admitted ruefully, hungry. The rabbit hadnt been enough.Worry about that later. He found his last classroom and sat down. And immediately he felt the presence of that mind again.It glowed at the edge of his consciousness, a golden light, soft and yet vibrant. And, for the first time, he could locate the girl it was coming from. She was seated right in front of him.Even as he thought it, she turned around and he saw her face. It was all he could do not to gasp in shock.Katherine But of course it couldnt be. Katherine was dead no one knew that better than he did.Still, the resemblance was uncanny. That pale golden hair, so fair it almost seemed to shimmer. That creamy skin, which had always made him think of swans, or alabaster, flushing faintly pink over the cheekbones. And the eyes Katherines eyes had been a color he had never seen before darker than sky blue, as rich as the lapis lazuli in her jeweled headband. This girl had those same eyes.And they were fixed directly on his as she smiled. He looked down from the smile quickly. Of all things, he did not want to think about Katherine. He didnt want to look at this girl who reminded him of her, and he didnt want to feel her presence any longer. He kept his eyes on the desk, blocking his mind as strongly as he knew how. And at last, slowly, she turned around again.She was hurt. Even through the blocks, he could feel that. He didnt care. In fact, he was iris of it, and he hoped it would keep her away from him. Other than that, he had no feelings about her at all.He kept telling himself this as he sat, the droning voice of the teacher pouring over him unheard. But he could smell a subtle hint of some perfume-violets, he thought. And her slender white neck was arcuate over her book, the fair hair falling on eit her side of it.In anger and frustration he recognized the seductive feeling in his teeth-more a tickling or a tingling than an ache. It was hunger, a specific hunger. And not one he was about to indulge.The teacher was pacing about the room like a ferret, asking questions, and Stefan designedly fixed his attention on the man. At first he was puzzled, for although none of the students knew the answers, the questions kept coming. Then he realized that that was the mans purpose. To shame the students with what they didnt know.Just now hed found another victim, a small girl with clusters of red curls and a heart-shaped face. Stefan watched in distaste as the teacher badgered her with questions. She looked wretched as he turned away from her to address the entire class.You see what I mean? You think youre pretty hot stuff youre seniors now, ready to graduate. Well, let me tell you, some of you arent ready to graduate kindergarten. Like this He gestured toward the red-haired girl. No ide a about the French Revolution. Thinks Marie Antoinette was a silent film star.Students all around Stefan were shifting uncomfortably. He could feel the resentment in their minds, and the humiliation. And the fear. They were all afraid of this thin little man with eyes like a weasel, even the husky boys who were taller than he was.All right, lets try another era. The teacher swung back to the same girl hed been questioning. During the Renaissance- He broke off. Youdo know what the Renaissance is, dont you? The period amid the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, in which Europe rediscovered the great ideas of ancient Greece and Rome? The period that produced so many of Europes greatest artists and thinkers? When the girl nodded confusedly, he continued. During the Renaissance, what would students your age be doing at school? Well? Any idea at all? Any guesses?The girl swallowed hard. With a weak smile she said, Playing football?At the ensuing laughter, the teachers face darkened. H ardly he snapped, and the classroom quieted. You think this is a joke? Well, in those days, students your age would already be proficient in several languages. They would also have mastered logic, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and grammar. They would be ready to go on to a university, in which every course was taught in Latin. Football would be utterly the last thing on-Excuse me.The quiet voice stopped the teacher in midharangue. Everyone turned to stare at Stefan. What? What did you say?I said, excuse me, Stefan repeated, removing his glasses and standing up. But youre wrong. Students in the Renaissance were encouraged to participate in games. They were taught that a healthy body goes with a healthy mind. And they certainly played aggroup sports, like cricket, tennis-and even football. He turned to the red-haired girl and smiled, and she smiled back gratefully. To the teacher, he added, But the most important things they learned were good manners and courtesy. Im sure your book will tell you that.Students were grinning. The teachers face was red with blood, and he was sputtering. But Stefan continued to hold his eyes, and after another minute it was the teacher who looked away.The bell rang.Stefan put his glasses on quickly and gathered his books. Hed already drawn more attention to himself than he should, and he didnt want to have to look at the blond girl again. Besides, he needed to get out of here quickly there was a familiar burning sensation in his veins.As he reached the door, someone shouted, Hey Did they really play football back then?He couldnt help throwing a grin over his shoulder. Oh, yes. Sometimes with the severed heads of prisoners of war.Elena watched him as he went. Hed deliberately turned away from her. Hed snubbed her on purpose, and in front of Caroline, whod been watching like a hawk. Tears burned in her eyes, but at that moment only one thought burned in her mind.Shed have him, even if it killed her. If it killed both of them, shed have him.

Monday, May 20, 2019

How modern society changed women’s lives Essay

The position of wo custody is often considered to control improved during the last few decades. There is, however, considerable upset as to the extent of miscellany and the discernments for it. This essay will look at how womens lives contrive changed in terms of physical exercise, gift, education, class, sexuality and the state. I will conclude that the near important changes for women be in education, just now that the basic strain of difference ashes in roughly aspects of the social structure, from paid work to the household divisions of repulse, from sexuality to violence.Ann Oakley (1981) has traced the changing status of women in British society from the eve of the Industrial Revolution to the seventies. She claims that the most important and enduring consequence of industrialization for women has been the emergence of the modern social function of house wife as the controlling mature feminine role Thus a combination of factors which included ideology, the bann ing of child labour, and restrictions of the conflict of women, locked the majority of married women into the mother housewife role. This led to the idea of a cornflake packet family where the male was the breadwinner, the wife was the housewife, and the family consisted of two children a boy and a girl.The mother had an expressive role, while the father had an instrumental role of going out to work. The inequality, and the extent to which the different aspects of this atomic number 18 interconnected, mean that is some use the concept of patriarchate to describe this set of social relations. Patriarchy is a social system through which men dominate, utilise and oppress women. However, in recent decades, changes in the preservation and society stomach altered the situation some(prenominal) of these changes will be outlined below.One of the most important aras to look at for the changes in womens lives is in terms of pay and employment relative to men. Women are less likely th an men to be in paid employment, but the gap has closed steadily over recent decades. The proportionality of those in employment who are women rose from 38.1% in 1971 to 49.6% in 1995. However, most of the increase in womens employment has been in part time work. The proportion of women working part time has change magnitude steadily, from 34% in 1971 to 47% in 1995.Women workers are concentrated within a very narrow range of occupational groups, although there nonplus been some significant changes in this recently. Over 40% of large time women workers are to be found in clerical employment. In contrast, men are spread through a much wider range of occupations. Women are confined both to lower grade jobs (vertical separationisms) and to different jobs (horizontal segregation). The pattern of segregation however has changed significantly over recent years. At the top end of the hierarchy the number and proportion of women in the managerial and professional grades have substanti wholly in ally increased. However, in the most powerful positions in cosmos life, women continue to be seriously under-represented. Walby nones that in 1992 only 9.2 per cent of MPs were women, there were no women promontory Constables until the 1990s, and in 1994 only unmatchable in 25 High Court judges was a woman. In 1996, there was only one woman among 50 British ambassadors or heads of overseas missions.Linda McDowell uses the theory of post-Fordism to meet changes in the labour market. This theory argues that businesses have moved away from mass work towards the flexible production of small batches of specialized products. In doing so, they employ a core of highly skilled workers who are equal of using their skills to produce a wide variety of products. Other work is carried out by underemployed workers, or workers on short-term contracts, or is contracted out to other firms.McDowell argues that these changes are reflected in the increased use of part-time female labo ur and the reduction in the employment of males in full-time indissoluble jobs. But while it is clearly important to take account of changes in the labour market and the economy as a whole in order to understand the changing patterns of sexual urge inequality, it is necessary to be cautious about basing an analysis on the theory of post foridsm. This theory has been heavily criticized on a number of grounds, and the work of Lovering and others suggests that post Fordism cannot be seen as a general trend that has affected all employers.A different explanation for the changing nature and pattern of womens employment in countries much(prenominal) as Scandinavia has been the shift to statepolicy. Talcott Parsons had proposed a functionalist explanation of womens disadvantaged position in the labour market, which focused on the cushion of the household. He argued that men get paid more than because womens house servant responsibilities adversely affect their involvement in paid wo rk. However, in Scandinavia, there is a much greater public provision of childcare together with higher rates of female employment and a smaller wages gap between women and men. Thus changes to state policy can improve the nature and pattern of womens employment.But has there been any change in womens pay relative to mens? The implementation of the Equal Pay Act between 1970 and 1975 rock-bottom the wages gap a little. In 1970 women earned only 63% on mens hourly rates, and only 55% of mens gross weekly pay. In 1997, women working full time earned 81% of mens hourly rate, but those women working part time only earned 59% of mens hourly rates. Thus the size of the gap has been closing steadily for those working full time, but not for those working part time.It does seem thereof that the position of women in employment has transform itself in recent years, though there remains considerable inequality and the picture is not one of simple progress.One area where there have been consi derable changes for womens lives has been in education. Education has seen a transformation of the position of girls and young women. In schools, not only has the traditional gender gap in examination performance been closed but girls have overtaken boys while in higher education the gender gap is closing steadily. One reason for the change is the discrimination against women in education was make under-the-counter in the 1875 Sex Discrimination Act. A further reason was the increase in the opportunities for women in the gentleman after education as the labour market gradually opened up. These changes in education have potential implications for other aspects of gender relations since access to good jobs as some relationship to educational qualifications, women might anticipate taking a higher proportion of top jobs. It may also have an impact on wages, in so far as lack of qualifications, rather than discrimination, was a reason for womens poor rates of pay. However, while girls are learning in new areas,boys are not learning those subjects traditionally learned by women eg at present, only 15% of all boys do dwelling economics.A further important issue to look at when considering the changing lives of women, is in the area of the household. The most striking change is the increased likelihood of families being formed of only mothers and children, which reflects to a large horizontal surface the large increase in divorce rates. The number of lone parents increased from 8% in 1981 to 21% in 1996, and the vast majority of these are women. One of the most significant features of one-parent families is their listency to live in poverty, leading to some(prenominal) forms of social exclusion. The poverty largely results from the lack of a male income into the household, but is compound by the lower propensity of lone mothers to be in employment as compared with married mothers.Changes in the welfare state are also important in that they have disproportionat ely affected women because more of them head single parent households and more live to pensionable age. Women in old age are thus particularly vulnerable to the risk of poverty. A further change in the household has been in attitudes towards housework. Men are now more likely to accept that women should not be responsible for all the housework. However, it does seem that while there has been a change in attitudes, this is not to a great power point played out in action. The UK is in contrast to some countries such as Sweden where there is more shared parenting and childcare is part of education for boys and girls.Changes in sexuality have been a further impact upon womens lives. Giddens argued that there has been a transformation of intimacy in recent years. It is widely suggested that women have make great advance towards equality with men in the area of sexuality. The sexual double standard, whereby non-marital sex was satisfying for men and not for women has reduced. Other chan ges include the much greater availability of contraception and safe abortion, which has made unwanted children much less likely. Furthermore, there has been greater acceptance of a wider range of sexual practices, such as gay and lesbian relationships.Feminist movements have also helped to change and shape womens lives. The1970s was the second wave of feminism in the twentieth century, the early one being instrumental in winning political citizenship for women. Many of the feminist ideas of the 1970s which had been considered outrageously radical when first expressed are now widely accepted. For instance, male violence is now recognized as a significant conundrum and the subject of serious discussion by the police as well as feminists. Equal pay is also an early feminist demand now accepted into mainstream policy initiatives such as opportunity 2000.In Gender Transformations(1997), Walby reviews changes in patriarchy in the 1990s. Although she discovers plenty of evidence that pat riarchal structures remain in place in Britain, she also finds evidence of important changes. In particular, she claims that there is evidence of a generational difference between older and younger women. Older women tend to be restricted by the constrains of mysterious patriarchy, which was the dominant form of patriarchy in their early lives. They are likely to have few qualifications and therefore have limited opportunities in the labour market. Younger women, on the other hand, have benefited from some of the changes that have taken place. They are likely to benefit from increased qualifications and improved labour market opportunities. Walby thus points to polarisation between the younger and older women, while convergence between younger women and men.In conclusion, there have been many changes in the transition to modernity, which have shaped womens lives. While some of these changes have reduced gender inequality n recent years, especially in the field of education, the bas ic pattern of inequality remains in most aspects of the social structure, from paid work to the household divisions of labour, from sexuality to violence. This essay has pointed to many changes in womens lives, but whether their lives have improved has been a matter of debate Liberal feminists tend to see these changes as progress, while radical feminists tend to argue that little has changed and patriarchal domination remains firmly intact. Marxists usually claim that industrialization and the advent of capitalism led to a deterioration in the position of women and since the Industrial Revolution little has improved.BibliographyMcdowell L Father and Ford revisited gender, class and employment change in the new millennium Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 2001Walby Gender TransformationsAbercrombie, Warde et al, Contemporary British golf clubHaralambos and Holborn Sociology